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Home My WebLink About2018 Draft Master Plan,,•L�.��I BOOK 1 of 4 LVONIA STARTS NOW Where are we today? DRAFT • SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Acknowledgments Thank you! The participation and cooperation of community leaders, residents, business owners and stakeholders in the preparation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 MASTER PLAN is greatly appreciated and we thank everyone who participated in its development. The content in this Plan reflects the on -going collaboration between residents, stakeholders, and the City of Livonia. n particular, we acknowledge the efforts of: LIVONIA DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Mark Taormina, AICP, PCP, Director Scott Miller, Planner IV Barb Gamber, Economic Development Coordinator Marge Watson, Program Supervisor Debra Walter, Clerk LIVONIA VISION 21 STEERING COMMITTEE Kevin Aoun James Baringhaus Maureen Miller Brosnan Ruth Ann Brown Edward Davis Sharon Dolmetsch Heather Douglas Frank Grisa Jim Inglis Stacy Jenkins Kathleen McIntyre Kevin Priddy Paul Shepich Jeff Shingler Peter Ventura, Chair Dan West CITY LEADERSHIP Dennis K. Wright, Mayor Susan M. Nash, Clerk Lynda L. Scheel, Treasurer CITY COUNCIL Scott Bahr Jim Jolly Brandon M. Kritzman Kathleen McIntyre Brian Meakin Laura Toy Cathy K. White PLANNING COMMISSION Sam Caramagno Glen Long, Jr. Elizabeth McCue Kevin Pridd Carol Smiley Peter Ventura Ian Wilshaw CONSULTANT TEAM McKENNA John Jackson, AICP, President Paul Lippens, AICP, Project Manager Laura Haw, AICP, Project Planner Deanna Dupuy, Assistant Project Planner Jennifer Neal, Assistant Project Planner Alex Novak, Assistant Project Planner Carrie Leitner, Art Director / Graphic Designer OHM Advisors Aaron Domini, Assistant Project Manager Heather Bowden, Project Planner Forrest Gibson, Landscape Architect Margherite Novak, Assistant Project Planner i LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Table of Contents Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................................................................................... i Tableof Contents...................................................................................................................................................................................... ii BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW Welcome............................................................................ 1 Organization of LIVONIA VISION 21..................................................... 3 Livonia's Planning History.............................................................. 5 City Description and Vision Statement ................................................... 7 Livonia Today: Existing Land Use ....................................................... 9 Community / Demographic Snapshot .................................................. 13 OutreachSummary.................................................................. 19 Existing Land Use Map........................................................... 21 Public Engagement Summary......................................................... 43 LIST OF MAPS Existing Land Use.....................................23 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Existing Land Use ..........................11 Table 1.2: Average Household Size .................... 14 Table 1.3: Population Change ........................ 14 Table 1.4: Migration Rates ........................... 16 Table 1.5: Vacancy Rate..............................17 Table 1.6: Online Survey Results ...................... 19 Table 1.7: Outreach Results — Future Development....... 35 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Existing Land Use Summary .............................9 Figure 1.2: Population Density....................................13 Figure 1.3: Age of Population....................................15 Figure 1.4: Median Age.........................................15 Figure 1.5: Housing Age.........................................16 Figure 1.6: Housing Value ....................................... 17 Figure 1.7: Employment Sector Distribution .........................18 Figure 1.8: Outreach Results — Housing and Neighborhoods ...........27 Figure 1.9: Outreach Results — Transportation .......................28 Figure 1.10: Outreach Results — Sustainability and Resiliency ...........29 Figure 1.11: Outreach Results — Healthy Communities ................ 30 Figure 1.12: Outreach Results — Economic Development ............... 31 Figure 1.13: Outreach Results — Parks, Trails, and Open Space ..........32 Figure 1.14: Outreach Results — Infrastructure ........................33 Figure 1.15: Outreach Results — Urban Design ........................34 Figure 1.16: Visual Preference Results — Housing and Neighborhoods ....36 Figure 1.17: Visual Preference Results — Business.....................37 Figure 1.18: Visual Preference Results — Tech and Manufacturing ........37 Figure 1.19: Visual Preference Results — Parks and Community .......... 38 Figure 1.20: Visual Preference Results — Transportation and Mobility .....39 Figure 1.21: Outreach Results — Transit and Mini -transit ................40 Figure 1.22: Outreach Results — Car Sharing ......................... 41 Figure 1.23: Outreach Results — Bike Sharing ........................ 41 Figure 1.24: Outreach Results — Ride -Hailing Services .................42 BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW REIKI 4 4 LM91 , Z' . X r � :A� •I 11 •. I � �1 1 Welcome LIVONIA VISION 21 is the City's Comprehensive Master Plan. The plan is the coordinating document for city-wide policy and decisions involving land use, transportation, neighborhoods, infrastructure and open space, among other topics. The plan identifies important places in Livonia to connect through innovative mobility as well as places to enhance with new housing and business development. LIVONIA VISION 21 is an action -oriented plan that identifies priority steps to take in the next 3-years, to secure the City for the next 100+ years. a { April 17, 2018 Open House, Livonia, MI LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN LIVONIA VISION 21 was guided by a 16-member Comprehensive Master Plan Steering Committee along with City staff and community members in 2018. The public offered ideas and reactions through various public engagement methods, including online surveys, public meetings, presentations, and open house workshops throughout the planning process. The State of Michigan requires the City to update its Master Plan every five years, as required by the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, P.A. 33 of 2008, as amended. The Plan was completed with significant public input and the finished product is a living plan. It will be updated and implemented through sub -area planning efforts and specific plans as needed to continue the City's long history of quality development. LIVONIA VISION 21 positions Livonia for continued success and confirms the aspirations of residents and businesses. A r it FF q r 11 L N 04-HaIL a s iy'T D F i ■ Historical Map of Livonia, MI PURPOSE OF THE MASTER PLAN LIVONIA VISION 21 serves as the official Master Plan for the City of Livonia. The Michigan Planning Enabling Act of 2008, P.A. 33 of 2008, as amended, expressly authorizes local units of government to engage in planning and zoning. For communities to engage in planning, a planning commission is to be appointed. The Act also requires the Planning Commission to "Make careful and comprehensive surveys and studies of present conditions and future growth within the planning jurisdiction with due regard to its relation to neighboring jurisdictions." The City of Livonia Planning Commission is the official body that approves the Master Plan and has been an active participant in the master planning processes since the Livonia Future Land Use Map was updated in 2009. LIVONIA VISION 21 presents the City 's vision for the future. It serves as a policy guide for the community, and informs the decisions of City officials and administrators, governmental agencies, organizations, and private individuals. It is designed to provide a flexible roadmap for future development and to ensure that new growth is consistent with the City's goals and objectives. LIVONIA VISION 21 is a long range Plan, in that it examines past trends and makes projections for the next five, 20, 100+ years. This allows the City to plan ahead and anticipate future needs. One of the most important functions of the plan is to provide a solid foundation for future land use decisions. The recommendations presented in the text and shown graphically in the maps provide a legal basis for zoning and other land use controls utilized by the City. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW -09 a r_, RL IN F 4} WIN a } y L IN ' r ti i A'1 - � 1 1 :� 1 � fiY LNOR _ z L ; L■ + ■L 1 L 1 F ■ L 7 1 , 1 ir NONN -,e +rr r, ,■ s r ti f •� i z 1116 f dh %%. 1; W- r i 1L rr 1 4 y• ra. . L. 11 _ r L • ■ ■ r _ ~_ y T ~ tiZr f•C • a •1 , �aL t '_ rti - . - 1 . 1 L - . - F 1 i Ir , • j - W - •' .17 91 134.4 � • _ � ■ + r• r-,J-F�� T V � T � .t �..1 aka � tiL 1• ti .. awl L 1 - 1 z _ L ■ ■ ■�_ . f t J- rti,as S- • 1 .. L �T�y., z r L r 1 .• L - i T� NON IN. _ •s . _ ■ �- AL ■ r 1 ' �T •, i �.�� • , 1 _ ti `�• _ •7 -f• y5i.' 1 - r a Li 11:11 z - ti •a . sL .�-ir 7ii_-r �� •�1 - -. - s {�'YJ 1 `_aS _L_� i y ; ■ •r NO is •� ?� a a y ~ r r _i•i . L _ 5' y _ ; fy ll- ■' Lr . s ' 1 '. ti L �;FL 'ti 1 . �z NO _N._ �}7 s•. y' 1 y -• f y �i■ t •_ 1 1� Q _ . 1 a ��i LN IL • �i - - a i. - - i { �' ■ s •L• ■• .r - r-. ti.� zr�� rL - s _T z �a •� ■• _ f- jf1.1 T� • n .s • ` a • r. - i .� - r t f it r. ,ate }•- - r .16. - a L% ■7 �' - z _ • i +TI rr ` N_ Organization of IVONIA V1.1 Ir)N 21 LIVONIA VISION 21 is divided into four books: 1. Livonia Starts Now. 2. Land Development. 3. Systems Development. 4. Strategic Development. Together, the four books provide the roadmap for the City's continued success. 1 1 7 � T r 1. L:L' �•'� z . Ta- rj - i L `' ■ , :1.11-r. - ■ - 1. ' - L f. Family at Play, Rotary Park. Credit: City of Livonia L 2 J .k�s�-#TAT �■ .. 3 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN The first book, Livonia Starts Now, details Livonia's long history in planning BOOK 1 and establishes the overall vision for this Master Plan, existing conditions LIVONIA and inventory of land uses, the socio-economic and demographic profile snapshot of the City, and goals and objectives that continue to drive Livonia STARTS NOW in the right direction. "Where are Book 1 contains all the supporting documentation and data to answer the we today?" question, "where are we today?" The second book, Land Development, outlines the course for future land BOOK 2 uses and regulations in Livonia and answers the question, "How should we grow?:' LANDgook 2 describes desired development patterns, areas for preservation, DEVELOPMENTareas for new and infill development, and suggested patterns it incorporates and standards for future developments that incorporate "HOW d0 we planning best practices such as placemaking and community character. gi"OW?" A special emphasis is also given to three key planning areas of the City. These include the following three sub -areas: 1. City Center Campus (Five Mile and Farmington Intersection); 2. Former Livonia Mall (Seven Mile and Middle Belt Intersection); and 3. East Plymouth Road Corridor (Middle Belt to Inkster Road). BOOK 3 The third book, Systems Development, answers the question, "How do SYSTEMSwe get there?" Book 3 describes the recommendations for the City's transportation, infrastructure, and environmental systems and how DEVELOPMENT they interface with the design of public space. Recommendations for sustainability and resiliency, water and sewer, healthy communities and "HOW d0 W2 parks and recreation are also detailed in this section. get there?" The fourth and final book, Strategic Development, is the inventory and analysis that answers the question, "What steps do we take today to BOOK 4 implement and secure our best future?". Book 4 details all the tools STRATEGIC necessary to move the City in the right direction. Strategic tools at DEVELOPMENTdevelopment Livonia's disposal include a Capital Improvement Program (CIP), economic resources, a zoning plan, and an action plan with an implementation matrix. "HOW LSO W2 S2CUr2 Livonia's future?"' Book 4 also includes athree-year priority project list that the City can begin aggressively pursuing with achievable projects related to Zoning Ordinance updates, the City Center Development Plan, the Plymouth Road Corridor Plan, the Livonia Bike Loop and Transit /Mobility Standards. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW 0 L ivonia I s Planning History The LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan is grounded in the City's rich history of strategic planning and development. The review and incorporation of Livonia's past plans and reports was a key first step in the LIVONIA VISION 21 planning process. Beyond the plans listed below, there are also a number of other Livonia plans which influenced the development pattern of the City, and continue to influence growth and quality of life, including the 1979 Land Use Plan, Subdivision Rules and Regulations, and statistical data reports over the years. In part, the goals and objectives that form the basis for Livonia's development policy derive from an analysis of the policy directions and priorities of past plans. The policy documents analyzed in this process goes back to the 1954 "Livonia, USA' Plan. The following is a timeline of the significant plans which are attributed to Livonia's continued success: WHERE WE HAVE BEEN: LIVONIA USA • • A city-wide Master Plan that told Livonia's story in pictures and words, • focusing heavily on the residents of city who made it their home. The Plan was comprised of three main sections: an emerging city, 0 a city in action, and the city's booming future. "Second in Michigan in Area, Second to None in Spirit. " • 41 Re-evaluation of the Zoning and Master Plan This project focused on a technical review of the zoning code with proposed changes. Many of the changes included urban design recommendations and standards related to parcel setbacks. `A City must be more than a machine, it must provide livability." T City of Livonia, Proposed Development Policy This plan continued to prioritize neighborhoods as the building blocks of the City, referencing them as the "Community Cores:' The development policies were revolutionary for their time as they prescribed a wide range and mix of housing typologies (ie. single family detached, single family, two-family, senior housing, etc.) so that individuals could remain in their Livonia community for all stages of life. `As the typical family passes through various phases of the family cycle, its housing needs change. If variety, ofhousing is available to match these needs, more families will fend it possible to remain in the community. Reducing family in -and -out -migration contrib- utes to stability of the community and school system." A Master Plan Study ON 0 FVS`^ # !* f fr*Fit mo Mp ap M pm = '. W LYh ■ 111.& rmd4r a* Ek a ir 9*u MIT ! * I Q.NNN.R : rLMa ar.ift T Id �t l NIP AV 0 ! it r I AbL rr.az ON � Ia�Fti� •�� w�,, -�1a T�d7�� T�ariy. 1 �'I� • d� 17V4P i WO 4" A • ti _i -*ft This study focused on the growing population and the neighborhood planning unit, which became the typical building block (school -oriented design) of many Livonia neighborhoods. The Plan called for a local balance of residential areas, business corridors, industrial parks, recreation opportunities, schools, streets, and other community facilities. Traffic, Transportation and Parking A transportation plan that analyzed existing vehicular traffic trends and demand; planning for the expansion of the roadway system, including the development of I-96. "The street system forms the major framework of any community and is perhaps the most important single element. The street system determines the ease and safety with which people travel about in the community. It establishes the size of blocks, utility routes, and the neighborhood grouping ofpeople. No other element in the physical makeup of community is likely to be so permanent as its streets." rl Proposed City Hall Study The City conducted a study to determine the feasibility of consolidating all existing and applicable municipal departments under one roof. The final recommendation of the report aided in the construction of the present City Hall, which was designed to comfortably house 235 occupants. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AL FOUV Ef ■� � F IT.4 5EM)m Greenleaf: Creating Sustainable Livonia This project outlined the importance of sustainability within the City, emphasizing the importance balance between the economy, society, and the environment. The 2013 Plan identified a number of ways increase energy efficiency, improve conservation, and how to implement city-wide environmentally friendly practices. LIVONIA VISION 21 I T�A a jam: BIKE \ WALK LIVONIA • Creating a roadmap for the continued provision and enhancement of bicycle and pedestrian facilities in the City, Bike \ Walk Livonia is a comprehensive non -motorized plan. The plan considers both near term improvements and the long-term vision and prioritized connectivity, safety, completing the network, linking recreation amenities and • education and creating complete streets. • • • t6IlI1 2005-2010 Consolidated Plan The Consolidated Plan outlined the proposed course of action for the • City to take over the next five years (July, 2005 - June, 2009). Specifically, _ — • the plan aimed to address housing and community development needs _ L and was designed with goals that complied with the US Department of - --� • Housing and Urban Development. (HUD) standards. • r • I — � - � - F 1, ■1�if ti ti ■ r•rr1T1 — r• - ' 1 1 1 r 1 � L r 1 - • ■ - ■ ~ J ■ L T ■ • fl'� I r .— I a — 1 111 ShSaa 1 .■ Fri — a �.y ■ I 1 ., ' �� 1 Al oil .16 . kL:- 1 ' }` +�1 IF r ` r'- �fl 'J■r 1 I 1 .`7 !• .L• , — r t .zlr.rlr L ' L ■ • r1 1 Tiy �J r - -Omni I 0 0 L ti '■• ■ - - - i ce �J ■ Fi .ti krz •� .f. r� 19 L ,' -- a _ L • -� ' '' ' ` 4%L.� � L Livonia 2000' • This long-range comprehensive plan served to answer the question: "What services, facilities and programs or characteristics should be • present in Livonia in the year 2000 to make the city an ideal place to • live and work? " f • Livonia Economic Development Partnership • Written by the Chamber of Commerce, this strategic • plan was designed to develop a series of goals and objectives to maintain local business investment. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1985 Project Legacy A comprehensive data profile on each manufacturing related business in the community to assist in the development of an approach to industrial business retention. This project was also updated several years later (not shown on timeline) with the 1992 Project Legacy plan. "Livonia, Expanding, Growing and Committed to You." BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW M� rti 40 City Description and Vision Statement The City of Livonia is one of Metro Detroit's premier suburban communities. Known as a city of neighborhoods, the City has been able to maintain lifelong residents, as well as enjoy a growing job market due to its industrial history and strategic location at the intersection of two significant highways in Metropolitan Detroit. Neighborhood Plan for 5 Mile and Newburgh, 1965 Land -use decisions have a fundamental impact on the character and quality of life in the City. From the 1950's to the 19609s, Livonia experienced a significant population boom, rising from approximately 17,000 residents to 66,000 residents in under 10 years. That population almost doubled again before 1970, with over 110,000 residents calling Livonia home. To accommodate the quickly growing population, many neighborhoods were developed following the "neighborhood unit" concept. Coined by Clarence Perry, the neighborhood unit is a planning model that promotes design that is self-contained, walkable, with a central school and open space and connected internal street network that is safe and welcoming to pedestrians and children. Today, Livonia's population is approximately 94,000 and the neighborhoods remain the cornerstone and point of reference for many individual's quality of life. Livonia residents have long been concerned about maintaining the quality of their community, particularly the quality of residential life, the natural environment, and the quality of the schools and other public services. This Plan is intended to protect and preserve those qualities on which residents place such great value. Building upon these existing elements is a tremendous advantage for the City as it moves towards its goal of growing a creative, vibrant, progressive and inclusive community that is attractive to residents, businesses, and visitors. 7 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN The vision statement for LIVONIA VISION 21 serves as the starting point for the creation and implementation of the plan as the statement summarizes the desired characteristics and direction of the community. LIVONIA VISION 21's statement considers how the City can best serve residents and reflects the community's future policy and goals, and is rooted in the feedback received by the public and stakeholders throughout this planning process. The Steering Committee also participated in a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis at its February 15, 2018 meeting, which contributed to the vision statement. Advantageously positioned within southeast Michigan, the Livonia community is focused on providing a high quality of life that is welcoming for its residents, business owners, stakeholders, visitors and potential residents. Livonia aims to preserve and enhance its quality, diversity and vibrancy by building upon and enriching existing strong relations with the community and revitalizing its excellent and varied housing stock to welcome residents of all ages and lifestyles. Determined towards continual progress, Livonia prioritizes both vehicular and non -motorized transportation, taking an inclusive approach to complete streets and infrastructure improvements. In addition, Livonia strives to live in balance with its natural resources to enhance active recreation opportunities and health, as well as natural beauty and passive, low -impact recreation. Livonia values recreation as an integral part of every neighborhood. The City supports economic vitality, aesthetics and innovation in its multiple commercial and mixed -use corridors and provides ample opportunities to connect residents through community events and programs. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Livonia Today: Existing Land U0M .•-,ter — �, _ �J} 1 + - j • 9 • V • •:� � F . rid ' Aerial View of Livonia, MI EXISTING LAND USE FRAMEWORK Identifying existing land use patterns and the relationship between established uses is a major component of a master plan. Documenting Livonia's existing land use framework not only identifies the locations of particular land use activities, but it highlights the areas with future growth potential and areas where land use conflicts exist. LIVONIA'S EXISTING LAND USE SNAPSHOT Livonia is generally square in shape and bisected east/west by a wide corridor of mostly non-residential land uses. This corridor supports railroad tracks, a state highway (Plymouth Road/M-14), commercial, industrial, and large-scale manufacturing and warehousing developments. Traditional neighborhoods are broadly divided into two separate north and south areas by this corridor, with the majority of residential and other uses falling to the north. There are two major highways that feed through the City, including 1-96 and 1-275. Figure 1.1: Existing Land Use Summary — City of Livonia, MI LEGEND Existing Land Use Summary Single Family Residential Multiple Family Elderly Housing Industrial/Utility Community Service/Govt/Inst Recreation -Open Space Commercial Office Vacant Land Transportation, Communication, and Water 203 523 N�� 44.5 126 9 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN elfin - _ ' ji1J I _D R • low .rr 11. L! 1 FJ4 u 1 1 r S pl r - -'S i 1 aJ.i i .- r �•� YiL.. ■ L y • •J 'Niel 1 7 R' ■ 1 rr o-rrl - F T 7 i}��'Tt� •� •�Iz , F?I L i■1 1 _•�• ON 1.3 •' L _ , F r r rMIL YJI.1 L r % - r = ..i 1__'111 17• ti r. rrl 1 �J ■ ■I■ I �■ - .1 11 _ R ■ A' IF IC L � r1 7J ~L Ir 11 .1 • • • 4 i �i 1 '•• F L ' L 1 ON ■ 1 7 _r 0 � ME r- J• , I F-■IL _ 11■■r - 11 , - 1 1. 1.11 ■ S f J . _ _ _ _ " - 7- Q J IJ.■i 1 i '��r uJ %L�J L I J JI ., S. % L FI '1 ■ _ H:H A 'r J%_ L J r II J J r' - L - r _i _ _ ti _ _ _ logo •.-I 11 _r LI_ r.�r I : -.-LA � _ % r_ ' .1 ti. , 1 `` 1 ' I J L ■ 1 1 - ■ 1•. 1.11__ ■J 111 J� -1 = y y d■ 1_•.r 'i .1 IJ■7 •lY'_• I• +� a -10 1 1 - i 1 J_ • ■ prLvh J JFUIN 9 a 7 . . 'F� } - JJ IL J 151R- J JJti •' 1■ '17. _ Jf�■' 7• J ,• _V 111 17 ;1,■r'. L ' •.IIi■J111 e ■ r Ir •fa _ - 'I •ti L. 'ITITI _1 .17FJ •• �, 7 L01,1. Jf F -N"-ti1'LJI ' 1: Z. . - JI; irmF MOW "IL- ti dlif�lti'� ■'r Z •� �. �' ' 'tLMT1�Vi7'� i r ■. 11 111 - rl:r •�'•_7�A�1�-I 51 ._� ii l�l III I % 1 = J yyFF .-iLiG-1.� r i. J.. r r 1 ti 7 •� _ NO 'JLL■ L._ % rr _1 _ - E • tiJil� 11.'I J _ A # IN7r _� '-__ F -- — •� �tl— -- — L _ 1 R •_ Gila F�•r • ��} - � .... __ .. .T�_ I� r 11 .. .. •.. L 1 IL_ • .. :. A L J)-L I r � r 1_ • ti 1_ • j ■ _ • Z_ . .•ki • • 1 - �' I r�•I i �l ' J.1 �•Cr■ b.■ L . . ■ .. - Am rJ7 G 1 .••ti r IN Jr� th .1 rY7 r� �-i! - .� L15 1A PLIdi_ .. . .r _ - ... 1 7 1 , + J■ I �� ILL •�.1•I �1 ILJ7 _ • 4 IN_ _ .s•t.3--Ia__J�� J=: 11_7L � �' '1 7 1 7� :' ri .1` �L�i •u I ALI Ni: - �i�IL��J1rr'7L1: Excerpt of Existing Land Use Map — Livonia, MI The Existing Land Use Map identifies of the following ten land use categories: • Single Family Residential: The greatest share of land in Livonia is devoted to single family residential use. Comprising of approximately 42% of the City, this land use classification includes improved parcels that contain single-family detached and two-family attached dwelling units and are located in predominately single-family detached residential areas. • Multiple Family: This classification includes land areas that are occupied by predominately residential structures containing dwelling units for three or more households. The Multiple Family classification includes apartments and attached condominiums, and has doubled in size since 2008 for a total area of nearly 450 acres. However, the total land devoted to multiple family (excluded elderly housing, see below) in Livonia is approximately 2%. • Elderly Housing: High density elderly housing developments consist of approximately 125 acres of the City and are almost entirely located in and near commercial hubs and corridors. • Commercial: The commercial land use category includes all commercial uses related to goods and services. Primarily focused around major road intersections and arterial corridors, the commercial category includes a wide -range of uses from big -box retail and grocery stores to smaller retail and services like dry cleaners and specialty stores. Most of the commercial land in Livonia is concentrated along the M-14 and Middle Belt Road corridors, with a large mix of commercial and office along 1-96. Commercial accounts for 5.4% of the City's land use. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E 17, STARTS NOW • Office: The office land use classification often is associated with commercial land use, and most frequently these two use categories are mixed together. Professional offices are located on over 500 acres of land in the City, with the largest developments being located along 1-96. Office accounts for 2.3% of the City's land use. • Industrial / Utility: This category includes manufacturing, warehousing, assembly and fabrication facilities, and other non -manufacturing industrial and utility uses. Industrial uses encompass approximately 2,700 acres or 14.3% of Livonia. Most of these land uses are located on the south side of 1-96 and the north side of Plymouth Road/M-14, two major transportation corridors that straddle the railroad tracks. • Community Service: Community service areas include all public and semi-public uses of land such as schools, cemeteries, and City -owned buildings and uses. This classification does not include recreational and open space areas, which are instead contained within the recreation -open space category (see below). Livonia 's community service areas make up nearly 2,000 acres. Specifically, public uses in the City include the: City Center Campus, Public Library, Police Department, Court House, and the Fire Department. Semi-public uses include the City's wealth of churches, private schools, and fraternal organizations. • Recreation -Open Space: This classification includes parcels (both improved or unimproved) that are used for public or private non -intensive recreational activities, including parks, golf courses, swimming pools, ice rinks, natural areas, and private outdoor recreational facilities. The recreation -open space category also accounts for all of the general open space areas in the City, for a total land area of just over 2,000 acres (10.5%). • Vacant Land: Vacant land is classified as parcels of undeveloped or vacant land for redevelopment. This category includes some larger undeveloped lots on the edges of the industrial corridor as well as many smaller lots dispersed throughout the commercial and residential areas of the City, with a total area of approximately 200 acres. Table 1.1 provides a comparison of land uses since 2008 in Livonia. As indicated above, land use patterns have remained relatively stable over this period of time. Slight changes in acreage may be the result of development of vacant land or more accurate measurement techniques. • Transportation, Communication, and Water: This classification includes roadways, right-of-ways and water bodies within the City. Table 1.1: Existing Land Use - City of Livonia, 2008-2017 Existing Land Use Single Family Residential Multiple Family Elderly Housing Industrial/Utility Community Service/Govt/Inst Recreation -Open Space Commercial Office Vacant Land Transportation, Communication, Water. Water Total 2008 Acreage 2017 Acreage 10,171.1 9,712.71 164.7 443.25 n/a 126.22 2,536.5 2,697.19 2,026 1,936.14 1,803 2,006.33 2,032.9 1,246.72 n/a 523.49 n/a 203.06 4,093.3 4,047.9 115.5 22,943 Acres 22,943 Acres Difference -458.39 +278.55 n/a +160.69 -89.86 +203.33 -786.18 n/a n/a n/a — Source: McKenna, 2018 *The calculation for Commercial land use in 2008 likely included office use, which is separate from the 2017 Commercial land use calculation 11 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN T A Ilea 22 a i ■ all NONE 16. KEY FINDINGS _ 1. Livonia's land use has not significantly changed over the nine year period. 2. The increase of multifamily housing is an opportunity for the City to create connections to desirable walkable commercial centers. Further, the increase in multiple family housing indicates a demand for more varieties of housing types. Much of the City's existing multiple family housing is located along and near commercial corridors. New housing types could service first-time home buyers and retirees that want to age in place. , 3. Vacant land along several of Livonia's commercial corridors provides the City an opportunity to promote quality new and infill development in mixed -use, commercial, and office areas. Additionally, there is a significant amount of redevelopment opportunity along the commercial corridors within the community. It is of critical importance to invest in centers of economic activity to boost community appearance and quality of life. The main commercial corridor in the City is located along Plymouth Road/M-14, with 1-96 and Middle Belt Road, providing additional commercial properties. ' ML NOW t 1r1�J►��L� V i LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Community Demographic Snapshot The socio-economic demographic makeup of the community is a critical component in any Master Plan. Livonia's current demographics and trends provide the foundational understanding of the existing social and economic capacities and strongly informs future planning possibilities. Figure 1.2: Population Density City of Livonia, MI, 2015 LEGEND Population /Acre 0 - 6.2 6.3 -12 13-20 21-52 INTRODUCTION AND DATA SOURCES The data presented comes from the US Census Bureau's Decennial Census and the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year estimates and is supplemented by data from Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG). The ACS uses statistical sampling over a 5-year period to describe the average characteristic over the period of collection. Evaluations were made with both neighboring and comparison communities (i.e. Plymouth Township, Northville Township, Canton Township, Farmington Hills, and Lyon Township), Wayne County (excluding the City of Detroit), and the State of Michigan. CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURE Family structure is changing — the average household size in Livonia has declined from 2.59 people per household to 2.44 people per household (about 6%). This trend may be explained by an increased presence of "empty nest" households or by young families having fewer children. Average household sizes are declining in all peer communities and suburban Wayne County, with the exception of Northville Township. The decline in average household size is reflected in the City of Livonia's declining population. The City experienced a 2.8% decline in its population size (2,747 people) from 2000 to 2017. Livonia's western suburban peer communities change in population did not mirror this decline. Each peer community experienced positive population growth, excluding Farmington Hills. However, it is important to note, that many of the peer communities added large numbers of households which likely inflated their populations due to construction of large subdivisions within their municipal borders. Livonia, as a fully -built out community, no longer contains greenfields for suitable for such development. 13 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN As the Population Density Map shows, the City is nearly uniformly low -density and fully built out. Moving forward, the City of Livonia should incorporate strategies that look to add new households to the City even though it is largely built -out. Redevelopment opportunities can incorporate a larger variety of housing types and unit sizes to accommodate more households in the same amount of land without significantly altering the appearance of a single-family neighborhood. This type of housing is typically attractive to single person households, young households, and empty nesters. Table 1.2: Average Household Size 2000 Livonia 2.59 Plymouth Township 2.41 Northville Township 2.39 Canton Township 2.78 Farmington Hills 2.41 Lyon Township 2.84 Wayne County (excluding Detroit) 2.54 Source: US Decennial Census (2000, 2010) and SEMCOG Profiles (2017 estimates) 2010 2.47 2.45 2.47 2.75 2.36 2.78 2.53 SEMCOG July 2017 2.44 2.43 2.54 2.72 2.30 2.58 2.51 Percent Change (2010-2017) -1.2% .0.8% 2.8% -1.1% .2.5% -7.2% .0.8% Table 1.3: Population Change Change 2010-2017 1990 2000 2010 2017 Number Percent Livonia 100,850 100,545 96,942 94,195 -21747 -2.8% Plymouth Township 23,648 27,798 27,524 27,566 42 0.2% Northville Township 17,313 21,036 28,497 30,750 21253 7.9% Canton Township 57,040 76,366 90,173 93,791 3,618 4.0% Farmington Hills 74,614 82,111 79,740 79,497 -243 -0.3% Lyon Township 8,828 11,041 14,545 18,708 4,163 28.6% Wayne County (excluding Detroit) 1,083,713 1 1,109,892 1 1,106,788 1,098,544 -8,244 -1% Source: US Decennial Census (2000, 2010) and SEMCOG Profiles (2017 estimates) LIVONIA'S MEDIAN RESIDENT AGE The median age of residents is 44.7 years old, an increase from 40.2 years old in 2000. Over 30% of the population is between 50 and 69 years old. Changes in family structure and life expectancy, may account for the City's increasing median age. The City has fewer children (residents under the age of 19) than it has had in the last 20 years. The City experienced 22% population decline aged between 10 to 19 years old from 2010 to 2016. This impact is also reflected in the state- wide trend of declining public -school enrollment. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I Lill STARTS NOW Figure 1.3: Age of Population - City of Livonia, 2000-2016 20,000 2000 18,000 2010 16,000 2016 14,000 - 12,000 - 10,000 - 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Under10 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 Over80 Source: US Decennial Census (2000, 2010) and American Community Survey (2016 5-year estimates) Despite the City's overall increase in median age, Livonia's Median Age Map shows that the median age varies by census block group. Residents in the northwest corner of the City are generally older than in the northeast and southeast corners. The youngest block group in the City has a median age of just 30 years old, while the oldest area of the City has a median age of 58 years. Figure 1.4: Median Age City of Livonia, MI, 2015 1 LEGEND Median Age (Years) 0-33 33.1- 44.4 44.5 — 68.6 15 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN STRONG HOUSING MARKET Livonia's residential housing market is healthy with the total vacancy rate of 5% and the homeowner vacancy rate as little as 1%. Nearly 87% of the housing stock consists of single-family structures. Migration rates (the percent of the population who have moved in the last year) have remained consistent through 2010 to 2016 (8% and 9% respectively). Primarily consisting of single family homes, 70% of the City's existing housing stock was built before 1970, see Livonia's Housing Age Map. Little new housing has been constructed in recent years which likely have kept new migration rates low in comparison to the peer communities who have added large amounts of new housing stock. Livonia's vacancy rate is competitive with growing peer communities, suggesting there may be an unmet demand for housing. Table 1.4: Migration Rates (2010 and 2016) 2010 2016 Lived in same Moved within Total Lived in same Moved within Total house as same county moved house as same county moved previous year previous year 8% Livonia 92% 5% 91% 6% 9% 90% 6% 10% 90% Plymouth Township 7% 10% 84% 8% 16% 90% 5% Northville Township 10% Canton Township 86% 9% 14% 87% 8% 13% Farmington Hills 85% 7% 15% 85% 7% 15% Lyon Township 89% 8% 11% 88% 5% 12% Source: American Community Survey (2010 & 2016 5-year estimates) Figure 1.5: Housing Age City of Livonia, MI, 2015 i - i I i i • F 1 I I I I I LEGEND Median Year the Structure was Built i 1940s I y 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s El No data BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Table 1.5: Vacancy Rate (2016) Livonia Plymouth Township Northville Township Canton Township Farmington Hills Vacancy Rate (total) 5% 3% 5% 6% Lyon Township Source: American Community Survey (2016 5-year estimates) 5% Homeowner Vacancy Rate Rental Vacancy Rate 1% 1.5% 0.7% 3% 0.5% 7.2% 1.6% 5.1% 5.9% 1.7% One of Livonia's housing market's strength is the variety of housing price points throughout the City. The Median Housing Value Map shows that while the City's overall median housing value is $175,600, there are block groups within the City where the median housing value is as low as $115,000 and as high as $500,000+. This allows Livonia to be an inclusive community and accommodate residents with different financial circumstances at all stages of life. f` A ■Ir-r yilr• ii;-ii I i7i11 Iil WaHm�U Figure 1.6: Housing Value City of Livonia, MI, 2015 LEGEND Median Housing Value less than $100,000 $110,000 — $150,000 $160,000 — $200,000 $210,000 — $250,000 $260,000 — $350,000 17 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN REGIONALLY CONNECTED While about a quarter of the population work and live in Livonia, the City is connected to the greater Metro Region. The City's strong industrial belt and professional headquarters provide a variety of jobs with nearly 45% classified as within the management and professional services sector. Meanwhile, many Livonia residents commute to nearby job hubs such as Detroit, Dearborn, and Farmington Hills. Livonia attracts workers from across the region- with the highest number of employees commuting from City from Detroit, Westland, and Canton Township. Though the average commute time is less than the region, 90.8% commute by personal vehicle/drive alone. Strengthening Livonia's commute/transit connection to/from Detroit may provide residents with alternatives to keep commutes reasonable into the future. Figure 1.7: Employment Sector Distribution 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.5 0 Management, Professional, and Related Livonia 2010 Livonia 2016 Service Sales and Office Wayne County 2010 Wayne County 2016 Natural Resources, Construction, Maintenance Source: US Decennial Census (2000, 2010) and American Community Survey (2016 5-year estimates) State of Michigan 2010 State of Michigan 2016 Production, Transportation, Material moving KEY FINDINGS Moving forward, Livonia must continue to address not only the needs of its lifelong resident but ensure that it remains competitive with nearby growing fringe communities. The City is nearly 100% built out and must look within its borders to accommodate new growth despite national trends of declining household sizes. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Outreach Summary LIVONIA VISION 21 is the manifestation of a common vision developed through extensive analysis and input from City residents, business professionals, community stakeholders and local government officials. Employing a variety of public engagement methods was essential to reaching the widest audience possible and capturing the input of all stakeholders. A key piece of the outreach campaign included the project website, www.livoniavision2l.com, where a series of online surveys were hosted and further project information, including demographic and background data on the City, and dates of all in -person events could be reviewed. In total (and as of June 7, 2018) there were 2,620 unique visits to the site and 6,928 total page views. Table 1.6: Online Survey Results Public Engagement Event / Exercise Survey#1: Big Idea Survey #2: Goal Priorities Survey #3: Future Land Use (Fix, Keep and Aspire) Survey#4: Mobility Survey #5: Visual Preference Survey Charrette Event: April 17, 2018 Special Planning Areas / On -Site Workshop: Design Concepts (AM) Charrette Event: April 17, 2018 Public Open House (PM) Charrette Event: April 18, 2018 Public Open House (AM) Charrette Event: April 18, 2018 Final Presentation (PM) As of June 7, 2018 Number of Responses' 256 290 153 388 518 60 27 12 36 1,740 Total Responses 19 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SPECIAL PLANNING AREA CHARRETTE DESIGN WORKSHOP The public participated in a two-day charrette and open house on April 17 and 18, 2018. The charrette kicked -off with a morning design session at One Under, a local Livonia golf course event venue, and was facilitated by project consultants. Participants went on a bus tour of three special planning areas in the city. Over the following days, public open houses were held at the Livonia Civic Center Library and Livonia City Hall, with both morning and evening sessions so as to accommodate as many different schedules as possible. A few sessions were live streamed for those who could not attend. The charrette design session began with an overview of the planning process, then moved into facilitated group exercises focusing on the redesign of three special planning areas in Livonia: (1) City Center Campus (Five Mile and Farmington Road intersection), (2) the former Livonia Mall (Seven Mile and Middle Belt Intersection), and (3) the East Plymouth Road Corridor (between Middle Belt and Inkster Roads). Attendees selected a special planning area to focus on.. Each table worked together to identify top issues and opportunities for their site. Participants also reviewed the draft principles and vision for their corresponding area. The tables then translated the gathered ideas and principles into a draft plan concept by mapping out a preferred design plan. Each table then presented the key findings and land use and design components of their plan to the larger group. The following section outlines key ideas discussed for each special planning area. For full details and plans of each of the three sites, please reference Book 2: Special Planning Areas. During the open houses, the public discussed their vision for the future of Livonia and to respond to the on -going design collaboration of the three special planning areas. Project boards were used to display various exercises and survey questions. Participants attending the open house were asked to write their suggestions on a sticky note or use a dot to indicate their visual preference, depending on the exercise. The results gathered from the open houses supplemented the information received from the electronic surveys. 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IIII■r� -'• �`- Illlltllllll' .l� +11 1 •'�,-.+!!'1.r r - - r+ { � •• NI � I..� Yilli ---11- 11 i■!�■ 11�111 ��1■- _■1"_.a�lll— II. _ 1 I�,a�Iil�■ ■� _- �� III'. S .11 SPECIAL PLANNING AREA 1 City Center Campus (Five Mile and Farmington Road intersection) Key issues that were identified through the charrette included a lack of connection between open space and buildings, dangerous pedestrian crosswalks (or lack thereof), and outdated buildings and retail uses. Opportunities identified for this special planning area included improved walking and biking connections throughout the neighborhoods (to this central space), areas for community events and associated amenities, and mixed -use development to bring energy and multi -generational use. In general, participants felt the area could be better organized and utilized to serve as a community gathering space. The design concepts generated for the City Center Campus reflect these ideas through reserved spaces for combined civic uses and parks that are centrally located. Residential uses were generally located just south of Five Mile Road and west of Farmington Road. The concepts also allowed for improved east -west bicycle and pedestrian access and neighborhood connectivity. SPECIAL PLANNING AREA 2 Former Livonia Mall (Seven Mile and Middle Belt Intersection) Significant challenges discussed at the charrette included a lack of character and identity, the presence of large parking lots, underperforming buildings/properties, a shortage of housing, and the lack of opportunities for walking and biking. The groups also questioned the viability of retail for this area. Opportunities discussed included the expansion of the bike and pedestrian network, properties that lend themselves to easy parcel assemblage, the addition of denser and affordable housing, spaces for entertainment, leisure, dining, and the general beautification of the entire area. The design concepts generated for Seven Mile and Middle Belt reflect these ideas through retail along Seven Mile Road frontage, centrally located public green space, and medium to high density residential just south of St. Martins Road. SPECIAL PLANNING AREA 3 East Plymouth Road Corridor (between Middle Belt and Inkster Roads) Key issues identified for the Plymouth Road Corridor included narrow lot sizes, parcels that rest in a variety of property owners (difficult for parcel assemblage), a lack of gathering or placemaking spaces, challenges and obstacles to walkability, and substandard property maintenance. The opportunities that participants identified were mixed -use residential buildings, improved access to parking, enhanced non -motorized transportation facilities, wayfinding signage to help strengthen identity, and increased adaptive reuse practices. Generally, participants felt the area needed beautification and an elevation in quality standards. The design concepts generated for Plymouth and Inkster reflect these ideas through public green space along Plymouth Road, and mixed -use buildings organized towards the east and west ends of the special planning area. 23 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SURVEY #1: What's Your Big Idea for Livonia? What's your Big Idea for Livonia asked survey takers to envision Livonia's future in the next 5, 10, 15+ years. Responders were provided a comment box to enter their ideas, and as of June 7, 2018, the survey had 256 responses. The responses were qualitatively categorized into seven major themes. Representative quotes are included for each theme to provide a sample of ideas shared by residents. 1. Placemaking and Creating a Downtown Livonia. Overwhelmingly, responses described the need for a walkable, vibrant downtown space connected to retail shopping, restaurants and bars, and a green, civic area. Many responded that a downtown space could serve as a community place to meet and socialize. This category also includes the desire to focus on redevelopment of vacant buildings underutilized sites city wide, but especially at Farmington/5 Mile and Farmington/7 Mile. "I think Livonia needs a downtown area with upscale nightlife, shops, boutiques and restaurants. This will attract and retain millennials." 2. Parks and Recreation. This theme covered a variety of recreation goals for the community. Many responders wished to see an increase in walking and biking paths, including on -street bike lanes. Other amenities mentioned included a farmers' market, a disc golf course, (free) splash pads, and a general increase in the amount and availability of green spaces. "Placemaking and connectivity! Better connection to bike trails on I-275 and Hines Drive (fill in those missing gaps like crossing I-275)." "Create useful small neighborhood parks; we have a lot of unused green space could be used for small playgrounds. This would help draw young families to our neighborhoods." 3. Business Attraction / Economic Development. Often accompanying the request for a downtown space was an interest in attracting new, small, locally - owned businesses to fill a new downtown and/or existing commercial corridors. Respondents were generally dissatisfied with the number of big box developments and wished to see smaller businesses come into the community. "I envision a Livonia with small pockets of walkable areas for shopping, eating and entertainment. I envision more small businesses, coffee shops and restaurants with outdoor seating and less strip malls and big box stores." BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I 7,.#A I STARTS NOW 4. Transportation. Many survey -takers desired to see public transportation in the community offering access to areas outside of the city such as downtown Detroit and the DTW airport. This category also includes comments related to roadway improvements and the need for traffic calming. "A city with a downtown, walkable streets, and being part of a regional mass transit system where seniors, people with disabilities, and youngsters can go downtown to Detroit or Ann Arbor." 5. Housing and Neighborhood Investment. Respondents consistently identified the need for a variety of housing types to attract young professionals, but also expressed the need to invest in established neighborhoods that serve as the backbone of the community. Many would like to see mixed -use areas to encourage a walkable, livable environment. "A strong focus on working closely with the development community to create a mix of housing for seniors and millennials alike." 6. Attract New Residents. In addition to creating a variety of housing types, participants recognized the need to attract a diverse population, including young professionals to the community. Respondents want Livonia to be competitive in attracting new residents and new businesses in a welcome and inclusive manner. "I would like to see Livonia prosper by retaining and attracting families with young children." 7. Education and Technology. This theme describes survey responses related to community schools, the library system, and the potential to improve the larger technology system. Survey -takers recognized the benefit of these services but desire to see them better utilized and improved to become more efficient and to make Livonia more attractive to businesses, residents and visitors. "Creating our own broadband, as other cities have done. Low cost, high speed internet, available to everyone, without ridiculous cost increases, would expand student access to the web, increase research, and make us attractive to tech companies. Idea two: make Livonia Michigan's greenest city. Provide incentives for solar panels, green roofs, increase recycling, use electric vehicles exclusively for city business, provide bicycle rentals from point to point, and increase our dedication to natural areas and protecting mature trees in the city." 25 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SURVEY #2: Livonia Goals Priority Voting and Objectives Exercise Livonia Goals and Objectives Priority Voting Exercise presented eight major goals that originated, in part, from previously adopted city plans. Under each goal, a number of objectives were listed which support and identify methods by which the goals of the Comprehensive Plan may be realized. Survey -takers were asked to designate two objectives that they felt were a top priority for the LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan. As of June 7, 2018, 290 individuals participated in the survey. Based on the voting results, the objectives were ranked on a weighted average score. Votes for Top Priority #1 were weighted with a score of 1 and votes for Top Priority #2 were weighted with a score of 2. The number of votes were multiplied by the weight, added together, and divided by the total number of votes. The two objectives with the lowest weighted scores were given top priority status. A description of the objectives and their weighted scores follows. -A BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Housing and Neighborhoods Goal: Maintain Livonia's place in Southeast Michigan as a City that provides safe, attractive, and vibrant neighborhoods that can accommodate residents at all stages of life. Figure 1.8: Outreach Results — Housing and Neighborhoods Objective 1.4 : Promote the development of multiple small-scale and wal kab I e co mm a rci al a nd servi ce di stri cts th at serve t he immediately adjacent neighborhoods. Objective 1.1: Support a system of organized land use to provide gre ate r housing choices, where new and redevelopment areas respect existing neighborhoods. Objective 1.2 : Encourage residential developments which are needed by persons of all ages, incomes and household sizes. Objective 1.5:Support programs that assist with homeownership for first time buyers and incentivize rehabilitation of aging housing sto ck. Objective 1.6:Establish individual neighborhood planning frameworks to assist in neighborhood placemaking, revitalization, and/or trans it ions. Objective 1.3: Seamlessly incorporate multiple family "missing middle" housing within established neighborhoods through infill development and strong urban design. TOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 1.4: Promote the development of multiple small-scale and walkable commercial and service districts that serve the immediately adjacent neighborhoods. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.29 1.48 1.5 1.52 1.74 1.76 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #. Objective 1.6: Establish individual neighborhood planning frameworks to assist in neighborhood placemaking, revitalization, and/or transitions. Highest Priority Votes 135 Highest Priority Votes 49 Second Highest Priority Votes 54 Second Highest Priority Votes 46 Weighted Average: 1.29 Weighted Average: 1.48 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 also favored Objective 1.4: Promote the development of multiple small-scale and walkable commercial and service districts that serve the immediately adjacent neighborhoods. There were a total of 52 in -person responses to this question. 27 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Transportation Goal: Continue investment in improving and maintaining vehicular and non -motorized infrastructure. Ensure that the City's transportation network provides accessibility and connectivity to City destinations, is designed for all people, and responds to advances in transportation technology. Figure 1.9: Outreach Results — Transportation 0 Objective 2.1 : Maintain the City's well -developed network of hi g hways, ro ad s, a nd stree is to acco m mo da to t he safe a nd efficient movement of vehicles. Objective 2.4 : Implement a comprehensive pedestrian network that focuses on creating safe intersections and crossings, encourages pedestrian -scale stree tscap es, and supports walkable land use... Objective 2.2 : Promote the use of alternative modes of transportation such as ridesharing, bicycling, walking, and transit th ro ug ho ut t he m etrop of i tan a re a. Objective 2.3: Improve the City's network of trails, bicycle amenities, and other connections. Objective 2.5 : Prepare fo r t he emergence of new transportation technologies by revisioning traditional uses of the transportation network and by investing in new mobility strategies and "smart"... TOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 2.1: Maintain the City's well -developed network of highways, roads, and streets to accommodate the safe and efficient movement of vehicles. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.58 1.65 1.68 1.71 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #. Objective 2.4: Implement a comprehensive pedestrian network that focuses on creating safe intersections and crossings, encourages pedestrian -scale streetscapes, and supports walkable land use arrangements. Highest Priority Votes 150 Highest Priority Votes 48 Second Highest Priority Votes 18 Second Highest Priority Votes 67 Weighted Average: 1.11 Weighted Average: 1.58 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 differed by favoring Objective 2.3: Improve the City's network of trails, bicycle amenities, and other connections. There were a total of 47 in -person responses to this question. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I 7,.#A I STARTS NOW Sustainability and Resiliency Goal: Support land use planning efforts that encourage environmentally -friendly development. Facilitate efforts that promote air quality, greenhouse gas reduction, and energy and water conservation. Figure 1.10: Outreach Results — Sustainability and Resiliency Objective 3.2 : Conserve and restore open spaces, waterways, t re e canopies, and other natural resources to increase resiliency, adaptability, and biological integrity. Objective 3.1: Promote land use patterns that increase sustainability and resiliency in buildings / transportation systems by making sustainability a critical element when developing or modifying zoning regulations and the comprehensive map. Objective 3.5: Prepare the public and City staff for emergencies by up da ti ng em erg en cy pl an s a nd exp and i ng em erge ncy ma na ge me nt initiatives. Ob je cti ve 3.4 : T h i n k be you d f irst costs a nd con s i de r I o ng to r m, cumulative impacts when making infrastructure and policy decisions. Objective 3.3: Commit to mitigating the City's climate impacts, i ncl ud i ng re du ci ng en ergy, la nd, a nd wate r consu m pti on a nd improving outdoor and indoor a i r clua l it y. TOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 3.2: Conserve and restore open spaces, waterways, tree canopies, and other natural resources to increase resiliency, adaptability, and biological integrity. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.35 1.49 1.49 1.57 1.67 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 4 PRIORITY #2 Objective 3.1: Promote land use patterns that increase sustainability, support broadband provision and green technology, and resiliency in buildings / transportation systems by making sustainability a critical element when developing or modifying zoning regulations and the comprehensive map. Highest Priority Votes 118 Highest Priority Votes 46 Second Highest Priority Votes 64 Second Highest Priority Votes 45 Weighted Average: 1.35 Weighted Average: 1.49 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 similarly favored Objective 3.1: Promote land use patterns that increase sustainability and resiliency in buildings and transportation systems by making sustainability a critical element when developing new zoning regulations and modifying old regulations and the comprehensive map. There were 39 in -person responses to this question. 29 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Healthy Communities (Quality of Life / Municipal Service) Goal: Maintain the City of Livonia's transparent, effective, innovative, and proactive municipal leadership. Ensure that Livonia continues to offer an inclusive, healthy, safe, and hazard free environment in which to live, work and enjoy recreation. Figure 1.11: Outreach Results — Healthy Communities Objective 4.1: Continue to prioritize good governance and I ea de rs h ip by operating in an open and financially stable manner, focusing on maintaining high levels of citizen involvement and achieving measurable results. Objective 4.3: Ensure that programming and facilities offered by all entities including the City of Livonia, schools, parks and recreation, the library, and others are meeting the needs of a I I City residents (faro i I ie s, yo uth , se ni ors, u nd errep re sen ted corn m Objective 4.4 : Establish a marketing and branding campaign to i ncrea se a waren ess a bo ut Li von i a's stron g q ua li ty of I i fe . Objective 4.2 : Partner with I oca I medical providers to create innovative h ea It h and wellness initiatives that increase active living and citizen well-being. TOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 4.1: Continue to prioritize good governance and leadership by operating in an open and financially stable manner, focusing on maintaining high levels of citizen involvement and achieving measurable results. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.29 1.47 1.68 1.72 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #2 Objective 4.3: Ensure that programming and facilities offered by all entities including the City of Livonia, schools, parks and recreation, the library, and others are meeting the needs of all City residents (families, youth, seniors, underrepresented communities, etc.). Highest Priority Votes 127 Highest Priority Votes 109 Second Highest Priority Votes 53 Second Highest Priority Votes 97 Weighted Average: 1.29 Weighted Average: 1.47 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 similarly favored Objective 4.3: Ensure that programming and facilities offered by all entities including the City of Livonia, schools, parks and recreation, the library, and others are meeting the needs of all City residents (families, youth, seniors, underrepresented communities, etc.). There were 42 in -person responses to this question. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I 7,.#A I STARTS NOW Economic Development Retain and promote Livonia's diverse mix of commercial and industrial uses in defined locations throughout the City that provide desired employment, goods, and services for residents, visitors, and workers alike. Encourage economic development that responds to the changing economy while positioning the City to enhance its tax base and maintain a stable and diverse revenue source. Figure 1.12: Outreach Results — Economic Development Objective 5.1: Assist the education and business communities in developing a competitive workforce to provide job skills demanded by the regional market... Objective 5.2: Focus on retaining existing businesses a nd i nd ustry. Objective 5.4: Establish a framework to incentivize creative redevelopment of unoccupied "big -box re tai I ." Objective 5.3: Target outreach to innovative companies (knowledge -based and high technology industrial) to ensure a diverse and resilient... "OP PRIORITY #1 Objective 5.1: Assist the education and business communities in developing a competitive workforce to provide job skills demanded by the regional market place and employment opportunities for local graduates. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.42 1.46 1.49 1.57 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #2 Objective 5.2: Focus on retaining existing businesses and industry. Highest Priority Votes 78 Highest Priority Votes 62 Second Highest Priority Votes 57 Second Highest Priority Votes 53 Weighted Average: 1.42 Weighted Average: 1.48 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 differed by favoring Objective 5.4: Establish a framework to incentivize creative redevelopment of unoccupied "big -box retail." There were 40 in -person responses to this question. 31 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Parks, Trails, and Open Space Build on the success and opportunities within existing recreation facilities to provide quality of life benefits for Livonia residents, including active living, accessibility to recreation, and environmental preservation. Figure 1.13: Outreach Results — Parks, Trails, and Open Space 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Objective 6.1: Develop and maintain comprehensive park, trail, recreational, fitness, and sports facilities and programs. Objective 6.2: Preserve and/or incorporate natural drainage and flood plains wherever possible into park and recreation sites. Objective 6 A De vel op , maintain, and preserve sufficient open space and recreation facilities to fully sat sfy the wid e va riety of recreation need s of... Objective 6.3: Pursue funding sources and develop partnerships and advocates to manage park needs. "C)P PRIORITY #1 Objective 6.1: Develop and maintain comprehensive park, trail, recreational, fitness, and sports facilities and programs. 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 TAP PRIORITY #2 1.26 1.61 1.62 1.67 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 Objective 6.2: Preserve and/or incorporate natural drainage and flood plains wherever possible into park and recreation sites. Highest Priority Votes 155 Highest Priority Votes 31 Second Highest Priority Votes 55 Second Highest Priority Votes 48 Weighted Average: 1.26 Weighted Average: 1.61 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 differed by favoring Objective 6.4: Develop, maintain, and preserve sufficient open space and recreation facilities to fully satisfy the wide variety of recreation needs of residents. There were 45 in -person responses to this question. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Infrastructure Invest in improving and maintaining City infrastructure to ensure that City services can be available for all current and future development. Implement innovative and effective strategies for maintenance and improvement of the stormwater, wastewater, solid waste, and recycling systems to ensure the health and safety of Livonia's residents. Figure 1.14: Outreach Results — Infrastructure 0 Objective 7.1: Invest in and implement comprehensive and innovative urban water management, green infrastructure practices, and.. Objective 7.2: Provide appropriate resources for staff 1 to maintain and improve infrastructure systems. Objective 7.3: Explore opportunities for infrastructure system improvements as new technology becomes available. Objective 7 A Increase the use of renewable resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. TOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 7.1: Invest and implement comprehensive and innovative urban water management, green infrastructure practices, and renewable energy systems. . 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.37 1.38 1.61 1.62 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #. Objective 7.2: Provide appropriate resources for staff to maintain and improve infrastructure systems. Highest Priority Votes 103 Highest Priority Votes 78 Second Highest Priority Votes 61 Second Highest Priority Votes 47 Weighted Average: 1.37 Weighted Average: 1.38 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 also favored Objective 7.1: Invest in and implement comprehensive and innovative urban water management, green infrastructure practices, and renewable energy systems. There were 39 in -person responses to this question. 33 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Urban Design Achieve a positive and lasting community image by encouraging high quality and durable materials, energy efficient buildings, and current best practices for human scale and aesthetic character. Strive to incorporate design elements that contribute to a sense of place within the community. Figure 1.15: Outreach Results — Urban Design Objective 8.1: Incorporate unique and functional community design com p one nt s wit h a II n ew d eve I opm a nts, pu bl i c spa ces, and streetscapes. Ob je ctive 8.3 : En ha nce I an dsca pi ng an d si to d es gn th ro ug h red evel o pm en t to a nha nce th a se nse of pl ace a to ng m aj or stri p corridors. Objective 8.2: Identify gateway locations to target urban design to announce arrival into Livonia. Objective 8.4: Reserve underdeveloped land for high quality development emphasizing the use of high quality materials and the establishment of a sense of place. SOP PRIORITY #1 Objective 8.1: Incorporate unique and functional community design components with all new developments, public spaces, and streetscapes. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.41 1.47 1.56 1.59 Weighted average score from 0 — 2 TOP PRIORITY #. Objective 8.3: Enhance landscaping and site design through redevelopment to enhance the sense of place along major strip corridors. Highest Priority Votes 112 Highest Priority Votes 92 Second Highest Priority Votes 78 Second Highest Priority Votes 82 Weighted Average: 1.41 Weighted Average: 1.47 Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018 also favored Objective 8.1: Incorporate unique and functional community design components with all new developments, public spaces, and streetscapes. There were 41 in -person responses to this question. BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW SURVEY #3: Future Development Projects and Policies The Future Development Projects and Policies survey, asked participants to mill identify specific ideas to improve Livonia's neighborhoods, housing options, businesses, industry, and parks and community resources. Responders ■e1• 111FI ! �u� ,n.r_rx-:s:rs-::.r were asked to frame their ideas into the following three categories: f. Keep rzn; - • Fix: Things that need improvement in Livonia alp _ • Keep: Things we want to remain in Livonia • Aspire: What we want to see more of in Livonia - - The following table is a summary of the most consistent responses collected from the online survey (total of 153 online responses). In addition, I text within the table that is highlighted in green identifies comments that were heard primarily in -person at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018. Many of these in -person comments were also reflected in the online - comments. r- Table 1.7: Outreach Results — Future Development FIX KEEP ASPIRE Neighborhoods • Roads • Parks and greenspace • Bike lanes and shared use paths • City connectivity • Trees • Create a downtown place • Trees in Right -of -Way • Single-family neighborhoods • Parks improvements • Sidewalks more variety or nousing types Housing Options • Available housing types • Senior living options Attached condos • Senior housing • Current single- family housing High -density residential • Apartment maintenance More senior living • Provide affordable single- family housing Businesses • Vacant businesses • Small businesses Create Downtown • More small businesses • Design standards Create unique place to attract • Underutilized commercial zones • Family oriented shopping visitors centers High density mixed -use Industry • Roads and Infrastructure • Public -Private Partnerships Economic Development • Vacant buildings • Current industry as -is (business attraction) • Fill vacant buildings • partner with colleges/ universities to attract • Park equipment businesses • Existing parks Connectivity, shared use paths Parks and Community Resources • Accessibility • Recreation Center Outdoor programming • Grounds maintenance • Keep up with ongoing Dog parks improvements Implement 2015 Bike Walk Livonia 35 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SURVEY #4: Visual Preference Survey For the Visual Preference Survey, both online and at the open houses on April 17 and 18, 2018, people were given a series of images and asked to vote for the image that they liked the best. There were 588 online responses. The following represent the topics that were given and the most favorable style for each category: 1. Housing and Neighborhoods. Housing and Neighborhoods was broken down into two separate categories: traditional neighborhood residential and flexible living. The majority of participants felt that contemporary, suburban style of housing with a street -facing garage is most appropriate for traditional neighborhood residential areas in Livonia. They also felt that traditional townhomes set back from the street is most appropriate for flexible living areas in Livonia. Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses favored first floor master duplexes for traditional neighborhood residential and 3-4 story mixed -use for flexible living. There were 35 in -person responses to this question. Figure 1.16: Online Visual Preference Results — Housing and Neighborhoods Traditional I�t Mor Master Doex 11% Flexible Living Two -!�tvey Madkir n () WkLA Attached Duplex - 11% M Madern Str l Figmlly 1 5% 6ch 1 taa4knW Taffw*9W9 rya het ES W.k 1 ODnVen $Ingle Family _:�n % Yr. �d;E1nr%;d TvwdWxnC�% SM Bar�k ntmporady TcwnNxnes r4o St Owk I M, Mixes Uw (3-4 5wry f 1 Conventional Single Family Contemporary Single Family r + 11Z, lir r ^ __Z_ S Traditional Townhomes Set Back BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E 17' STARTS NOW 2. Business. The majority of participants stated buildings that were 2-3 stories in height, contemporary with ornamental detail, and oriented towards the street is most appropriate for business areas in Livonia. Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses agreed with online survey respondents that mixed -use first floor retail and second story office is the desired option for business. There were 35 in -person responses to this question. Figure 1.17: Online Visual Preference Results — Business # Strip e% P,rk mixa&uJ ift t -� ) YANh I #I4wntia Above zip N&x.ed-Q;5e FirsI PON Flail Mid OW srcwy Mixed -Use First Floor Retail and Second Story Office Historic Downtown 3. Tech and Manufacturing. Participants also felt that contemporary style buildings with a significant proportion of glazing and mix of fagade materials is most appropriate for Tech and Manufacturing areas. Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses favored interconnected multi -use office complexes for Tech and Manufacturing. There were 31 in -person responses to this question. Figure 1.18: Online Visual Preference Results — Tech and Manufacturing Canwentional IrLr-vnrrcicd RAnearch Building M40-Drier Office cvff WkA I Suburban Wice.. 23 Multi- Usar OM Oulding Wd9rn FWsmch guil�l� T-a k Interconnected Multi -Use Office Complex Suburban Office 37 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN 4. Parks and Community. Under the larger topic of parks, trails and open space online survey respondents desired preservation of natural space for Parks and Community open space areas in Livonia. Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses favored a vibrant public space located near a business district, with central art features and shelter is most appropriate for parks and community areas in Livonia. Figure 1.19: Online Visual Preference Results — Parks and Community Central Plaza, F Natural with Open Walling Trails Space 0% 1 % Natural Space � 0.1to , Active Gathering Space 17% Open Space _qM Central Plaza with Ivey with Shade Amenity Structure 14% 1 % Natural Space BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E 17' STARTS NOW 5. Transportation and Mobility. There were boards focusing on 1) transit and mini -transit, 2) bikeways, and 3) traffic calming. The majority of participants said they would like to see more of the following: destination buses when asked about transit and mini -transit; multi -use paths when asked about bikeways; and landscaped medians when asked about traffic calming measures. The following charts represent the breakdown of choices. Votes collected from in -person interviews at the open houses were largely in agreement with the online survey respondents favoring mini -buses for transportation and mobility facilities, multi -use paths for bike facilities, and landscaped medians for traffic calming facilities. Figure 1.20: Online Visual Preference Results — Transportation and Mobility Transit and Mini -Transit ConYLTlranal 8u5 slop �alinati�n +arli ti guy s nncdor Bus 1 R y n lkaI 14 Pmgl" 1�u I 1 4 Bikeways Twf>-Way Elko Lane 5 iG Frotected Bide Lang T. J Rai nled 81ke LWR Witi- U919 path I 5A% i Traffic Calming &wier ad Bike L&M :21 Rorsed Intars mtIon ,. RiglGod IS IOM 15% R B P 6dwmp-out 4% -� 1% LandscaX Designation Connector Bus Multi -Use Path Landscape Median 39 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SURVEY #5: Transportation and Mobility Survey A total of 388 individuals participated in this online survey and at the April 17 and 18, 2018 open house. In -person attendees also answered a set of questions on four different mobility services, as follows: 1. Transit and Mini -transit. Transit is a route -based service where users pay a set fare for their destination. There are many forms of transit and services can be publicly or privately owned. 2. Car Sharing. Car sharing involves the shared use of vehicles where members can access them on an as - needed basis. Vehicles may be parked at specific location or throughout the city. 3. Bike Sharing. Bike sharing involves the shared use of bicycles where members can access them on an as - needed basis. Bicycles may be parked at permanent stations or located throughout the city. 4. Ride -hailing Services. Ride -hailing is an on -call service where a member requests a ride using a mobile application and a driver, associated with the application service, responds to the ride request. The questions were two-part asking the following for each service: a. How open are you to using [service] for transportation to work, shopping, entertainment, or other destinations? b. How important is it for the City to plan for [service]? 1. Transit and Mini -transit. When it came to transit, the majority of online participants were open to using transit or mini -transit for transportation to work, shopping, entertainment, or other destinations. They also felt it was very important for the City of Livonia to plan for transit and mini -transit. Votes collected at in -person interviews during the open house suggested participants were also "very interested" in using transit or mini -transit services, and it was "very important" for the City to plan for transit services. There were 25 and 27 respondents, respectively, to the in -person survey. Figure 1.21: Outreach Results — Transit and Mini -transit How open are you to transit? j N01 22% Open, but apprehensive 35% How important is it to plan for transit? important 1 Moder-at r Irnpwant Very Imponartit BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I 7,.#A I STARTS NOW 2. Car Sharing. When asked their opinion on car sharing, the majority of online participants voted that is not important for the City to plan for car sharing in Livonia and were not interested in using car sharing for transportation to work, shopping, entertainment, or other destinations. In -person Interviews during the open house suggested participants leaned towards "very interested" in using car sharing services, but felt it was only "moderately important" for the City to plan for car sharing. There were 27 and 29 respondents, respectively, to the in -person survey. Figure 1.22: Outreach Results — Car Sharing How open are you to car sharing? very IA:: NN Ir�l L�ffrat How important is it for the City to plan for car sharing? f r'r i•-i" 3. Bike Sharing. When asked their opinion on bike sharing, the participants were split between moderately important and not important for the City to plan for bike sharing in Livonia and the majority were not interested in using bike sharing for transportation to work, shopping, entertainment, or other destinations. In -person interviews during the open house suggested participants were tied for "very interested" and "open, but apprehensive" in using bike sharing services, but felt it was "very important" for the City to plan for bike sharing. There were 29 and 28 respondents, respectively, to the in -person survey. Figure 1.23: Outreach Results — Bike Sharing How open are you about bike sharing? x' InLeresW.d :M Nol "west can appret*mlve 23% How important is it to plan for bike sharing? VVY I fflportwt 21% c4y I MPWtam =!ps 41 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN 4. Ride -Hailing Services. The majority of participants felt it was moderately important for the City of Livonia to plan for ride -hailing services and were very interested in using ride -hailing services to key destinations. In -person interviews during the open house suggested participants leaned towards "very interested" in using ride hailing services, and felt it was "very important" for the City to plan for ride hailing in Livonia. There were 31 respondents to each in -person survey. Figure 1.24: Outreach Results — Ride -Hailing Services How open are you to ride -hailing? No at T r �fFQIY� Vmr� I rarYrz'ed .40% How important is it for the City to plan for ride -hailing? my Imp;O wfi jkm h.al a yr i m par lard BOOK 1: LIVONIA STARTS NOW LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Public engagement Summary Through an extensive public engagement process, much was learned about Livonia's residents' and stakeholders' preferences for new development, redevelopment, and their design standards. Participants in both in -person and online surveys were asked to provide input on all of the major types of development including residential, commercial, office and technology, and parks and open space. When reviewing the responses as a whole, the following themes were present throughout: 1. Housing and Neighborhoods. Survey results clearly indicated that Livonia residents -ee existing nainnnnrnnncds ac. nn aczezet to the Comm, inity Much of the housing is made up of traditional, detached, single-family housing and residents would like to see these maintained, improved, and augmented by building more housing typologies, incorporating green spaces, and active tree management. Additionally, the need for flexible housing was also described in multiple surveys. Residents were concerned with a lack of senior housing and multi -family housing. When asked what style of flexible housing was most appropriate, residents selected traditional style townhomes with setbacks. 2. Create a Connected Downtown. jurvey responder -ecognized the need for redevelopment of linderutill7nM cor"mercia' nropertine- They went so far as to identify intersections to be improved and the types of development they would like to see replaced. For new development, participants aspired to create a "downtown" space that includes attached, multi -story, mixed -use development (retail, office, and residential), is connected to neighborhoods by bike lanes and shared use paths and offers a public green space for gathering and events. This area would attract small, local businesses by creating a dense, walkable environment. 3. Transportation Network. The public engagement effort included numerous transportation questions in order to gauge the mobility needs of residents and stakeholders. fhe first priority was to maintain the quality aul fa�.1C I Wpu3 U1 VICy L01%W1 a VVW1 W 01a%; auNportive of and desired to see transit servic( ^xtended to Livonia Combined with bike lanes, one can imagine a complete streets solution where personal automobiles, transit, mini -transit, and bicycles share the right-of-way. Many of the open-ended comments related to parks and open space mentioned the Bike/Walk Livonia Plan that was adopted in 2015. Survey takers would like to see the results of that plan implemented. 4. Parks and Open Space. When asked to visually determine the preferred type of open space facili-L} res—onder*s were split on preferences While the online participants desired to see natural space and walking trails, in -person interviews identified a strong desire to see a central plaza within a vibrant business district. This suggests Livonia residents support for open space in the community and their preference to see more of it incorporated in various ways. 43 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN LIVONIA VISION 21 CITY OF LIVONIA, MI NA ►` MCKENNA OHMIGmMuwiw ��I BOOK 2 of4 LAND DEVELOPMENT How do we grow? DRAFT • SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Acknowledgments Thank you! The participation and cooperation of community leaders, residents, business owners and stakeholders in the preparation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 MASTER PLAN is greatly appreciated and we thank everyone who participated in its development. The content in this Plan reflects the on -going collaboration between residents, stakeholders, and the City of Livonia. n particular, we acknowledge the efforts of: LIVONIA DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Mark Taormina, AICP, PCP, Director Scott Miller, Planner IV Barb Gamber, Economic Development Coordinator Marge Watson, Program Supervisor Debra Walter, Clerk LIVONIA VISION 21 STEERING COMMITTEE Kevin Aoun James Baringhaus Maureen Miller Brosnan Ruth Ann Brown Edward Davis Sharon Dolmetsch Heather Douglas Frank Grisa Jim Inglis Stacy Jenkins Kathleen McIntyre Kevin Priddy Paul Shepich Jeff Shingler Peter Ventura, Chair Dan West CITY LEADERSHIP Dennis K. Wright, Mayor Susan M. Nash, Clerk Lynda L. Scheel, Treasurer CITY COUNCIL Scott Bahr Jim Jolly Brandon M. Kritzman Kathleen McIntyre Brian Meakin Laura Toy Cathy K. White PLANNING COMMISSION Sam Caramagno Glen Long, Jr. Elizabeth McCue Kevin Pridd Carol Smiley Peter Ventura Ian Wilshaw CONSULTANT TEAM McKENNA John Jackson, AICP, President Paul Lippens, AICP, Project Manager Laura Haw, AICP, Project Planner Deanna Dupuy, Assistant Project Planner Jennifer Neal, Assistant Project Planner Alex Novak, Assistant Project Planner Carrie Leitner, Art Director / Graphic Designer OHM Advisors Aaron Domini, Assistant Project Manager Heather Bowden, Project Planner Forrest Gibson, Landscape Architect Margherite Novak, Assistant Project Planner i LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Table of Contents Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................................................................................... i Tableof Contents...................................................................................................................................................................................... ii BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT Introduction......................................................................... 1 Goals and Objectives................................................................. 2 Future Land Use Plan.................................................................11 Proposed Future Land Use Map... ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** **** 21 Missing Middle Housing..............................................................23 Special Planning Areas...............................................................25 Placemaking and Community Character ................................................ 43 LIST OF MAPS Proposed Future Land Use Map ......................... LIST OF TABLES 23 Table 2.1: Future Land Use Allocations ..................11 Table 2.2: Low Density Residential Guidelines ........... 13 Table 2.3: Medium Density Residential Guidelines ........ 14 Table 2.4: High Density Residential Guidelines........... 15 Table 2.5: Corridor Commercial Guidelines .............. 16 Table 2.6: Regional Commercial Guidelines ..............17 Table 2.7: Mixed Development Center Guidelines ........ 18 Table 2.8: City Center Guidelines ...................... 19 Table 2.9: Tech and Manufacturing Guidelines ........... 20 Table 2.10: City Center — Site Development Data.......... 29 Table 2.11: Former Livonia Mall — Site Development Data .. 35 Table 2.12: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Site Development Data ................... 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Missing Middle Housing Types ..........................23 Figure 2.2: Special Planning Areas................................26 Figure 2.4: City Center — Existing Zoning ...........................27 Figure 2.3: City Center — Existing Land Use .........................27 Figure 2.6: City Center — Areas to Preserve .........................28 Figure 2.5: City Center — Existing Access ...........................28 Figure 2.7: City Center — Concept Plan .............................29 Figure 2.8: City Center — Conceptual Phasing Plan . ..................32 Figure 2.10: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Zoning ....................33 Figure 2.9: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Land Use ..................33 Figure 2.12: Former Livonia Mall — Vacant or Underutilizied Areas .......34 Figure 2.11: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Access ....................34 Figure 2.13: Former Livonia Mall — Concept Plan......................35 Figure 2.15: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Existing Zoning ............37 Figure 2.14: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Existing Land Use ..........37 Figure 2.16: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Existing Access ............38 Figure 2.17: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Concept Plan ..............39 Figure 2.18: Plymouth Road — Framework Areas ...................... 41 BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT . .0 r• j•IauM sp ■ Ilbl■Iror J h■ri r auil � L {+r1� ■ W � _ I 7 04W ■.■ 'nJ IA . ■ Imo` 1IIrRd �Wa ■ OWE . `�■ . { IF Dal j.ld 1610.r ■ ..rli y 9 1 d■■M ■ ■ ' ■�#� �� 16'� i * ■ ■_ 2 3F Law+ wadaAba i hAn1 AM' emu ... _ �� ■■� RP-M l y� ■ ■ J L �� - ram- +- r f _ Pa L'■�i 11 ■■ I�i� i k % ' ■ - ■ n ■ • -1 hill air tiff" �EL s ��t r. 1':F ■ J■1 Y ■ -Ir + I" LLLL" OF nLpqw .. t milk LW4% 04M 1 r�c - ir I&Lrz Girl ■■ ti C i �i --N r ■R �7i ' h V L' i r` r■d 77 1# A �- ■ 1■��•■ 4 �ITf.■ iuy IN ■A1 M T i • Y11a y7 F . �a '1 _ _�u FI ��li 11Pli P � i �_ LE Ld So ld Lcr,. _ rdt r I 11bJr 110 -90 • • . J t It, u L plum IFIAMJ 1 - �■� pit ■■ J a ■rW ■ J�rd+4r1 % i■u L� . I! f+ om w ` F `F I KA 1 F ■ 4 r • 1 r- r: - r M i■ . t - r■.� 1 , d ■ ■rkAw i.a■ ■ ■ IL�I■�F■F ■ ' Io L, imLhw 1111 il it ■ rJ." - r rPENEMIA 0 W F•- r�J a� _ &Md FJ; 10 odmmz�l X JL r I 13 e �• _ _ - _ - �I I� 1 .10 Ir■PACE . fir■r` Co IL 3 d� �N��■� 4 I — ,r1■ .�1 L i HE ,,r1-1 w - '1Fr�r- , r1W.! 1 �. _„LA Livonia Future Land Use Plan Excerpt, 2009 Introduction The Land Development Book presents the path for the evolution of land in the City of Livonia. The established Goals and Objectives and the Future Land Use Plan are designed to encourage neighborhood investment and the expansion of services in mixed development centers and in City Center. Detailed plans are presented for special planning areas in City Center, the former Livonia Mall, and the East Plymouth Road Corridor. The book presents emerging themes and findings for placemaking and community character. 1 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN asp . M. � �, y� IL%C ■ �" � + + 1 ' � ` ` � r _ � J a< f ti � r ; • } 1 L %r 1 ,+Y � •A + + 1 -� L. r _� •t a 1F 1. f 1 FT Mi ' *)r -V !dr 1 it ' i Ir •1JOE 1 + i i �} f ti L f IC %) y §100L Y 1 ■ , .1 r 1 1 r 1 y 1 1. ■■ ' ' IL 1 ` 46 �I E or 1 - .■ MI 1 IL I (7-o(gis and Objectives The fundamental statement of community values, the personal values, the values relating to government, and the vision for the year 2100 provide the foundation upon which subsequent policy decisions in this Plan rests. To guide the formulation of specific policy decisions, the Steering Committee established the following set of specific goals, which are derived from the statements of community values from eight concentrated themes: 1. Housing and Neighborhoods 2. Transportation 3. Sustainability and Resiliency 4. Healthy Communities 5. Economic Development 6. Parks, Trails and Open Space 7. Infrastructure 8. Urban Design BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Housing and Neighborhoods GOAL: Maintain Livonia's place in southeast Michigan as a City that provides safe, attractive, and vibrant neighborhoods that can accommodate and welcome residents at all stages of life. OBJECTIVES: 1.1 Support a system of organized land use to provide greater housing choices, where new and redevelopment areas respect existing neighborhoods. 1.2 Encourage residential developments which are needed by persons of all ages, incomes and household sizes. 1.3 Seamlessly incorporate multiple family housing within established neighborhoods through infill development and strong urban design. 1.4 Promote the development of multiple small-scale and walkable commercial and service districts that serve the immediately adjacent neighborhoods. 1.5 Support programs that assist with homeownership for first time buyers and incentivize rehabilitation of aging housing stock. 1.6 Establish individual neighborhood planning frameworks to assist in neighborhood placemaking, revitalization, and/or transitions. TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, PREVIOUS PLANS: Susta0 in Livonia's place in Metropolitan Detroit as a city of great neighborhoods. — Greenleaf- Creating Sustainable Livonia, 2013 Encourage and make provisions for appropriately sized and well located business centers and service areas which are attractive and convenient, and provide services and jobs to area residents. Land Use Plan Livonia 3 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, Transportation PREVIOUS PLANS: GOAL: Continue Continue investment in improving and maintaining investment in vehicular and non_ infrastructure. Ensure thatroads Citymotorized and the City s transportation network provides accessibility sidewalks to and connectivity to City destinations, is designed for ensure , t the that and responds to advances i n transportation people, p p transportation technology. network provides for both vehicular and non -vehicular OBJECTIVES: mobility. 2.1 Maintain the City's well -developed network of highways, roads, and — Greenleaf- Creating streets to accommodate the safe and efficient movement of vehicles. Sustainable Livonia, 2013 2.2 Promote the use of alternative modes of transportation such as ridesharing, bicycling, walking, and transit throughout the metropolitan Connect to area. destinations such as 2.3 Improve the City's network of trails, bicycle amenities, and other parks, schools, trails, connections. neighborhoods, and 2.4 Implement a comprehensive pedestrian network that focuses on shopping districts / creating safe intersections and crossings, encourages pedestrian -scale corridors. streetscapes, and supports walkable land use arrangements. 2.5 Prepare for the emergence of new transportation technologies by —Bike walk Livonia, 2015 revisioning traditional uses of the transportation network and by investing in innovative mobility strategies and "smart" infrastructure. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Sustainability TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, and Resil i ency PREVIOUS PLANS: GOAL: Retrofit existing Support land use planning efforts that encourage buildings and environmentally -friendly development. Facilitate efforts build future ones to maximize that promote air quality, greenhouse gas reduction, energy efficiency and energy and water conservation. and provide a model to Livonia OBJECTIVES: citizens and businesses of 3.1 Promote land use patterns that increase sustainability, support broadband provision and green tecnolo , and resilient in buildings and efjzcient energy p g gY Y g transportation systems by making sustainability a critical element when management. developing new zoning regulations and modifying old regulations and the Future Land Use map. — Livonia 2000, 1986 3.2 Conserve and restore open spaces, waterways, tree canopies, and other natural resources to increase resiliency, adaptability, and biological Improve water integrity. management 3.3 Commit to mitigating the City's climate impacts, including reducing through water energy, land, and water consumption and improving outdoor and indoor quality and water air quality. conservation 3.4 Think beyond first costs and consider long-term, cumulative impacts when education. making infrastructure and policy decisions. — Greenleaf- Creating 3.5 Prepare the public and city staff for emergencies by updating emergency Sustainable Livonia, 2013 plans and expanding emergency management initiatives. j LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN L JL Healthy TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, PREVIOUS PLANS: Communities Continue to provide GOAL: effective, high Maintain the City of Livonia's transparent, effective, quality leadership innovative, and proactive municipal leadership. Ensure and municipal that Livonia continues to offer an inclusive, healthy, services and ensure safe, and hazard free environment in which to live, that government work, and enjoy recreation. is transparent, effective, innovative, proactive, and OBJECTIVES: inclusive of all City 4.1 Continue to prioritize good governance and leadership by operating in an residents open and financially stable manner, focusing on maintaining high levels of — Livonia Tomorrow, 2015 citizen involvement and achieving measurable results. 4.2 Partner with local medical providers to create innovative health and Ensure that Livonia wellness initiatives that increase active living and citizen well-being. continues to offer 4.3 Ensure that programming and facilities offered by all entities including safe, healthful,and others the Cityof Livonia schools arks and recreation the library,a are meeting the needs of all City residents (families, youth, seniors, and hazard free underrepresented communities, etc.). environment in 4.4 Establish a marketing and branding campaign to increase awareness which to live, about Livonia's strong quality of life. work and enjoy recreation. — Greenleaf- Creating Sustainable Livonia, 2013 BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW 1 n EconomicTOP GOAL PRIORITIES, Development PREVIOUS PLANS: Promote the City GOAL: of Livonia as a Retain and promote Livonia's diverse mix of destination for commercial and industrial uses in defined living, working, locations throughout the City that provide desired shopping, and employment, goods, and services for residents, recreation. Position visitors, and workers alike. Encourage economic the City as a development that responds to the changing model for other economy while positioning the City to enhance its culturally diverse tax base and maintain a stable and diverse revenue communities source. —Livonia Tomorrow, 2015 Retain Livonia'6 OBJECTIVES: existing industries 5.1 Assist the education and business communities in developing a with a targeted competitive workforce to provide job skills demanded by the regional marketingstrategy market place and employment opportunities for local graduates. that identifies local 5.2 Focus on retaining existing businesses and industry. industry needs 5.3 Target outreach to innovative companies (knowledge -based and high solves problems, technology industrial) to ensure a diverse and resilient economic and creates base.growth 5.4 Establish a framework to incentivize creative redevelopment of opportunities. unoccupied "big -box retail." — Livonia Economic Development Partnership % LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN �.r 7•� 1 jF ri f fp { rC - 46.., t L - r* fir.. i4 Parks, Trails, and TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, PREVIOUS PLANS: Open Space Build on the success GOAL: and opportunities within existing Build on the success and opportunities within facilities to provide existing recreation facilities to provide quality of life quality of life benefits for City of Livonia residents, including active benefits for the City living, accessibility to recreation, and environmental of Livonia residents, preservation. — 2017-2022 Parks and Recreation Master Plan OBJECTIVES: Promote parks and 6.1 Develop and maintain comprehensive park, trail, recreational, fitness, and recreation facilities sports facilities and programs. as clean, fun, and 6.2 Preserve and/or incorporate natural drainage and flood plains wherever active places for its possible into park and recreation sites. community to play, 6.3 Pursue funding sources and develop partnerships and advocates to gather, and relax manage park needs. and protect and 6.4 Develop, maintain, and preserve sufficient open space and recreation enhance the City's facilities to fully satisfy the wide variety of recreation needs of residents. natural beauty and environmental features. — Livonia Tomorrow, 2015 BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Infrastructure GOAL: Invest in improving and maintaining City infrastructure to ensure that City services can be available for all current and future development. Implement innovative and effective strategies for maintenance and improvement of the stormwater, wastewater, solid waste, and recycling systems to ensure the health and safety of Livonia 's residents. OBJECTIVES: 7.1 Invest in and implement comprehensive and innovative urban water management, green infrastructure practices, and renewable energy systems. 7.2 Provide appropriate resources for staff to maintain and improve infrastructure systems. 7.3 Explore opportunities for infrastructure system improvements as new technology becomes available. 7.4 Increase the use of renewable resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, PREVIOUS PLANS: Invest in improving and maintaining City infrastructure to ensure that City services can be available to all current and future development. — Livonia Tomorrow, 2015 Promote mandatory trash and recycling program for the entire Livonia Community. — Greenleaf.• Sustainable Livonia, 2013 g LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN � 1 rti � r i tiz - T r Urban Design TOP GOAL PRIORITIES, PREVIOUS PLANS: GOAL: To achieve a Achieve a positive and lasting community image positive and lasting by encouraging high quality and durable materials, community image energy efficient buildings, and current best practices by encouraging for human scale and aesthetic character. Strive to good urban design incorporate design elements that contribute to a sense practices in the development of all of place within the community. 0 principal design elements of the City. OBJECTIVES: — Land Use Plan Livonia 8.1 Incorporate unique and functional community design components with all new developments, public spaces, and streetscapes. 8.2 Identify gateway locations to target urban design to announce arrival into Livonia. 8.3 Enhance landscaping and site design through redevelopment to enhance the sense of place along major strip corridors. 8.4 Reserve underdeveloped land for high quality development emphasizing the use of high quality materials and the establishment of a sense of place. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Future Land lase Plan The Future Land Use Plan for the City of Livonia is intended to provide a guide to rezoning decisions and land use controls. Livonia's Future Land Use Plan also serves as a policy statement to investors and developers as to how the City feels certain areas in the community should best be developed. PURPOSE OF THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP The Future Land Use Map sets forth recommendations for continued use, new development, and reuse of land in the City over the coming decades. The Future Land Use Map is a link between what exists and what City leaders and residents would like to have developed. Together, LIVONIA VISION 21 Goals and Objectives and the Future Land Use Map provide a flexible guide to promote informed public and private decision -making for the betterment of the community. The land use designations on the map are generalized; they are not intended to be site specific or to follow specific property lines. The Future Land Use Map forms the basis for the Zoning Ordinance and other legal controls, the Plan and Map are intended to be policy documents and decision -making guides. FUTURE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS Upon full implementation of the Future Land Use Plan, approximately 57% of the land in the City will be used primarily for residential uses. Additional residential uses are allowed in commercial and mixed -use categories, including the Corridor Commercial, Mixed Development Center, and City Center. The Tech and Manufacturing land use category occupies 14.11%. The Parks and Community designation which includes parks, as well as civic and institutional uses, will occupy 18.05%. Commercial uses, including mixed use, office, and commercial land uses, occupies about approximately 12% of the total land area. The Future Land Use Pap establishes the framework to support Livonia's historical identity as a City of neighborhoods with a strong industrial base. The Plan recognizes that the desire to attract both the next generation of Livonia families and aging of the Baby -Boomer generation requires new flexibility to retain a completive edge within the regional housing market. Equally as important to attracting future Livonia residents is the creation of active and attractive community gathering spaces, an overarching theme received during public outreach. The Future Land Use Plan creates two new land use categories to encourage walkable, vibrant development in the City: Mixed Development Center and City Center. Table 2.1: Future Land use Aiiocations Future Land Use Parks and Community Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Corridor Commercial Regional Commercial Mixed Development Center City Center Tech and Manufacturing Total Source: McKenna, 2018 * Land coverage calculation excludes roadway / water bodies. Acres 3,427.81 9.835.15 833.75 47.49 891.94 584.42 398.17 215.52 2,667.62 189901.88 Percent 18.13% 52.03% 4.41% 0.25% 4.72% 3.09% 2.11% 1.14% 14.11% 100.00% 11 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN PARKS AND COMMUNITY The parks and community areas encourage preservation of open spaces, public park facilities, civic institutions, and the programming that brings them to life. Intended for active and passive recreation, outdoor spaces and the connections between them continue to be a priority for the City. The designation includes both publicly or privately - owned facilities providing recreational, educational, governmental, and other services to the community. � A 9 Appropriate Land Uses include both publicly or privately -owned facilities that provide recreational, educational, governmental, and other services to the community. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E 17, STARTS NOW LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL: 1 TO 5 DWELLING UNITS PER ACRE Livonia's neighborhoods are the strength of the community. Much of Livonia is planned for single family residential and complementary land uses. The City's traditional neighborhoods and accessible parks establish it as a highly desirable place to call home. The City's housing stock includes a variety of housing types. The majority of the neighborhoods have clearly defined edges and are well-connected to park and community resources. Appropriate Land Uses include detached residential dwelling units, Table 2.2: schools, parks, and other compatible municipal and civic uses. Low Density Residential Guidelines Density. A maximum density of 5 dwelling units per acre is recommended Lot Dimensions and Density in low density residential neighborhoods. The minimum lot size should be minimum lot area 7,200 sq. ft. 7,200 sq. ft, with minimum lot widths of 60 ft. minimum lot width 60 ft. Connectivity. City low density residential neighborhoods are planned frontage in build -to area n/a in close proximity to parks and when adjacent to corridor commercial or maximum density 5 du/ac mixed -use centers neighborhoods are intended to be walkable. Vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian connections should be provided between adjacent maximum attached dwelling unit % 0% neighborhoods such that it will be possible walk and bike to destinations. Building Setbacks Building Location. Buildings in low density neighborhoods should be min. 25 ft. located towards the middle of the lot with yards on all four sides of the arterial street building. max. none min. 25 ft. Building Design. Buildings should have a residential scale and character local street max. 50 ft. in low density residential neighborhoods. In order to create a pedestrian friendly streetscape, garages should be located in rear yards, or, at a side (one) 5 ft. minimum, garage doors should be located at least 10 feet behind the front side (total of both) 14 ft. door of the unit. rear 30 ft. Parking. The uses that are appropriate in low density neighborhoods from adjacent n/a typically do not require large parking lots. When a use does require an off- residential districts street parking area, such as a school or municipal facility, the parking lot Building Height should be designed such that it is largely hidden from view from roadways. minimum 1 story maximum 2.5 stories 13 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL: 5 TO 14 DWELLING UNITS PER ACRE The medium density residential category consists of areas with potential for infill into traditional single-family neighborhoods that are either in close proximity to planned mixed development centers or in need of investment and stabilization. Retrofit development in the area includes accessory dwelling units (ADUs) to accommodate seniors and adult children. Permitting ADUs ensures that residents of Livonia will have housing options through all life stages. Additionally, encouraging greater density around mixed development centers has an economic benefit to the market area. To a limited extent, duplexes, and small-scale infill apartments could be considered if developed according to strict design guidelines and approval processes. New multi -family dwellings are appropriate if designed to match the context of adjacent neighborhoods or commercial areas. New single- family attached housing development could be appropriate when the architectural design, landscaping, and other development factors will be in harmony with and complement existing, nearby residences. Table 2.3: Appropriate Land Uses include detached and attached residential dwelling Medium Density Residential Guidelines units, schools, parks, and other compatible municipal and civic uses. Attached dwelling units should not represent more than 35% of all dwelling Lot Dimensions and Density units in order to ensure that these areas do not become multiple -family minimum lot area 6,000 sq. ft. areas. Attached dwelling units must have frontage on a collector or arterial minimum lot width 55 ft. street. frontage in build -to area 70% Density. There is no maximum density recommendation for medium density maximum density 14 du/ac residential neighborhoods. The design recommendations of this plan will maximum attached limit densities to a reasonable number of units per acre simply by requiring dwelling unit % 35°�° good design. Lots for detached units should have a minimum area of 6,000 Building Setbacks square feet and a minimum width of 55 feet. All buildings should have a building frontage in build -to area for at least 70% of the lot width. min. 20ft. arterial street max. none Connectivity. Medium density residential areas are planned in close y y ' proximity to mixed use centers, City Center, and along arterial corridors. min. 5 ft. local street Developments are intended to be walkable. Vehicular, bicycle, and p y max. 25 ft. pedestrian connections should be provided between adjacent side (one) 5 ft. neighborhoods such that it will be possible walk and bike to destinations. side (total of both) 12 ft. Building Location. Buildings in medium density residential areas should be rear 35 ft. located closer to interior streets. from adjacent n/a residential districts Building Design. Buildings should have a residential scale and character in medium density residential neighborhoods. Garages should be located in Building Height rear yards, although garages may be located in a side yard provided that minimum 1 story the garage door is located at least 10 feet behind the front door of the unit. maximum 3 stories parking. The uses that are appropriate in medium density residential neighborhoods typically do not require large parking lots. When a use does require an off-street parking area, such as a school or municipal facility, the parking lot should be designed such that it is largely hidden from view from roadways. It is anticipated that on -street parking spaces will accommodate most visitor parking in medium density residential areas, although some rear -yard visitor spaces may be necessary for attached units. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I 7,.#A I STARTS NOW HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL: 14 TO 50 DWELLING UNITS PER ACRE The high density residential category provides housing options of varying intensity. These areas are also found in transition zones between high -intensity commercial uses and low -intensity single-family housing. The development intensities range between 14 to 50 dwelling units per acre. Appropriate Land Uses include attached and apartment style dwelling units, and municipal and civic uses. Density. A maximum density of 50 units per acre should be allowed in high -density residential areas. While there is no minimum lot area for development in multiple family areas, the minimum lot area for duplex units is 5,000 sq. ft. Connectivity. The recommended maximum block perimeter and block length in high -density residential are intended to create smaller blocks and a walkable pedestrian environment. Vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian connections should be provided between adjacent neighborhoods such that it will be possible walk and bike to destinations. These connections should be provided to adjacent parcels even if it means connecting a multiple -family development to a single-family neighborhood. Building Location. Apartment buildings, townhomes and condominiums are encouraged to be located close to the street. Building Design. Buildings should have a residential scale and character and should present a traditionally proportioned building fagade to the street. Garages should not be located on front facades but should be located in side or rear yards. Each building or unit should have a prominent entrance on the front fagade facing a street, and garage doors should be located behind this entrance or entrances. Parking. On -street parking should be provided in multiple -family areas. Visitor spaces should be located in rear yards behind buildings but may be provided in any location so long as they are not overly large in scale and buffered from adjacent streets with landscaping. Table 2.4: High Density Residential Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area n/a minimum lot width n/a frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density 50 du/ac maximum attached 100% dwelling unit % Building Setbacks min. 20ft. arterial street max. none min. 10ft. local street max. none side (one) 15 ft. side (total of both) 30 ft. rear 35 ft. from adjacent 75 ft. residential districts Building Height minimum 1 story maximum 4 stories 15 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL Livonia's corridor commercial areas have historically been planned for vehicle access and typically provide front - yard parking. Restaurants, grocers, pharmacies, gas stations, personal services, vehicle sales, and big -box retail are example uses. New developments in this area should continue the pattern of commercial development with supporting residential, when appropriate. However, the focus of new development, redevelopment, and improvements to existing developments should focus on improving the aesthetics of the area with landscaping and timeless architectural design. Strict requirements for access management should also be required. Table 2.5: Corridor Commercial Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area n/a minimum lot width n/a frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density 16 du/ac maximum attached 100% dwelling unit % L Buildina Setbacks arterial street local street side (one) side (total of both) rear from adjacent residential districts Building Height minimum maximum min. 15ft. max. 30 ft. min. 5ft. max. 15 ft. none none 25 ft. Appropriate Land Uses include office, general retail commercial, food service, townhomes, apartments, and attached and upper -story residential uses. Automotive oriented uses such as gas stations, auto repair, or drive - through facilities may be appropriate in certain instances. Density. A maximum of 16 dwelling units per acre is appropriate in corridor commercial centers. In no instance should the total residential floor area exceed 40% of the overall floor area to ensure that these areas do not become dominated by residential land uses. Connectivity. Some corridor commercial areas are large enough that they could be developed as a mixed -use development with an internal street system. Wherever this is the case, a block system should be developed with a maximum block perimeter of 2,200 feet and a maximum block face of 800 feet. Cross access is encouraged to reduce curb cuts and turning conflicts. Streets connections and/or pedestrian connections, as may be appropriate, should be provided between corridor commercial areas and adjacent neighborhoods. Building Location. Buildings facing arterial streets should be located close to the street. Buildings facing interior streets also should be located close to the street to create a walkable, pedestrian friendly environment. 25 ft. Building Design. Buildings should be attractively designed and should incorporate quality, timeless building materials. 1 story Parking. Parking areas in corridor commercial areas should be located in side or rear yards for buildings facing an arterial street. Parking should 4 stories also be located in side or rear yards for buildings facing an interior street. Interior streets should also feature on -street parking. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E 17' STARTS NOW REGIONAL COMMERCIAL The regional commercial areas cater to large, national retailers and restaurants mixed with regional draws and specialty stores at varying scales. Retail opportunities exist in stores requiring large lots and smaller strip malls. Service providers, professional offices, banks, and other regional office uses should be encouraged. Larger community and regional commercial services and resources should be developed along 1-275 and 1-96 and with vehicular and pedestrian connections to the mixed -development centers. These areas are centers of shopping and commercial activity, as well as larger office uses. There is a potential for continued expansion of regional employment opportunities with multi -story buildings. *&Mow,Eau, P6..JFFL 'I Fir 1� 1 W EM 1 1 aw � i � •r�j��Ty�t �4, � Appropriate Land Uses include medium and large format retail uses, office, and service commercial uses. Automotive oriented uses may be appropriate, including drive through facilities. Drive through facilities that are accessory to a principal use may be appropriate in certain locations. Regional commercial uses that are located close to freeways may be developed at a higher intensity, including offices up to 20 stories. Density. Residential uses are not appropriate in regional commercial areas, so there is no maximum density. Connectivity. Regional commercial is required to provide pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure and connect to surrounding neighborhoods. Regional commercial areas should be designed with wide sidewalks in front of buildings, hardscape improvements such as landscape planters, benches, decorative lighting, etc., and dedicated pedestrian pathways through parking lots. Building Location. Buildings may be set back large distances from streets to accommodate parking lots. Building Design. Buildings should be attractively designed and should incorporate quality, timeless building materials. Parking. Parking may be located in any yard. Table 2.6: Regional Commercial Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area 15 acres minimum lot width 300ft. frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density n/a maximum attached n/a dwelling unit % Building Setbacks arterial street local street side (one) side (total of both) rear from adjacent residential districts Building Height minimum maximum min. 50 ft. max. none min. 40 ft. max. none 40 ft. 80 ft. 45 ft. 100 ft. 1 story 20 stories 17 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN MIXED DEVELOPMENT CENTER Mixed development centers should be redeveloped into higher -density mixed -use cores of activity, addressing residents desire for walkable neighborhoods and to create gathering spaces. The mixed development centers should provide engaging streetscapes with varied storefronts and activities, residential options that include townhomes, upper -story lofts, and apartments, and easy access to public transit or transit network company services, with parking and other essential infrastructure hidden off of the street. Mixed Development Centers are envisioned in four primary locations: Plymouth/Middle Belt, Farmington/Seven Mile, Middle Belt/Seven Mile, and Six Mile/Newburgh. The character envisioned is consistent with traditional Michigan architecture: first floor commercial development with higher intensity multi -family housing intermixed. Mixed -use buildings are encouraged particularly with upper - story residential uses. Existing residential uses are encouraged to develop first floor retail spaces or professional offices. All uses are to be designed to maximize pedestrian and bicycle connectivity and circulation. New development could be of a slightly higher development in scale and massing than the existing development. Table 2.7: Mixed Development Center Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area n/a minimum lot width n/a frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density 20 du/ac maximum attached 100% dwelling unit % Building Setbacks arterial street local street side (one) side (total of both) rear from adjacent residential districts Building Height minimum maximum min. 10 ft. max. 30 ft min. , Oft. max. 1 15 ft. Appropriate Land Uses include office, general retail commercial, food service, and attached and upper -story residential uses. Automotive oriented uses such as gas stations, auto repair, or drive -through facilities are not appropriate in the mixed development areas. Density. The maximum density recommendation for mixed development areas is 20 dwelling units per acre. All buildings should have a building frontage in build -to area for at least 80% of the lot width. Connectivity. Mixed development areas are large enough that they will include sizeable internal street systems. The street system should create walkable blocks with a maximum perimeter of 2,000 feet and a maximum length of 650 feet. Mixed development areas are highly connected to surrounding neighborhood, and the street network in the mixed development areas area must continue into surrounding neighborhoods. Building Location. Buildings in mixed development areas should be located close to the street to create a walkable, pedestrian friendly environment. none none Building Design. Buildings should be constructed out of natural building 25 ft. materials or durable synthetic materials that approximate the appearance of a natural material. Garages, if provided, should be located in rear yards, 25 ft. preferably accessed from alleys. Parking. Parking areas in mixed development areas must be located in rear 1 story yards. Interior streets will also feature on -street parking. 5 stories BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW CITY CENTER The Livonia City Center is envisioned to be redeveloped as a mixed -use and civic center for the community. City Center is envisioned to become the functional downtown for Livonia residents. The special area plan (see page 28) presents a detailed analysis and vision for the redevelopment of the area which includes building new facilities for the Library, City Hall, and public safety. The vision includes space for community gathering and events as well as 55,000 sq. ft. of retail / office space and more than 800 residential units. Table 2.8: City Center Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area n/a minimum lot width n/a frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density none maximum attached 100% dwelling unit % Building Setbacks arterial street local street side (one) side (total of both) rear from adjacent residential districts Building Height minimum maximum min. 10ft. max. , 30 ft. min. Oft max. 15 ft. none Appropriate Land Uses include civic uses, recreation, office, general retail commercial, food service, and attached and upper -story residential uses. Automotive oriented uses such as gas stations, auto repair, or drive -through facilities are not permitted in the City Center area. Density. There is no maximum density recommendation for the City Center area. All buildings should have a building frontage in build -to area for at least 80% of the lot width. Connectivity. The City Center area is large enough that they will include sizeable internal street systems. The street system should create walkable blocks with a maximum perimeter of 1,600 feet and a maximum length of 400 feet. The City Center area should be retrofitted for increased connectivity to the to surrounding neighborhood. When the street network cannot feasibly be connected by creating new blocks or alleys, pedestrian and bicycle paths are required. Building Location. Buildings in mixed development areas should be located close to the street to create a walkable, pedestrian friendly environment. none Building Design. Buildings should be constructed out of natural building 25 ft. materials or durable synthetic materials that approximate the appearance of a natural material. Garages, including structured parking, if provided, should be 25 ft. located in rear yards, preferably accessed from alleys. Parking. Parking areas, including structured parking, in City Center area must 1 story be located behind buildings. Interior streets will also feature on -street parking. 10 stories 19 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN TECH AND MANUFACTURING This future land use category provides for employment centers in the City and for the region. These areas should serve the community's need for research facilities, warehouse, manufacturing, and other light industrial opportunities, or corporate campuses. Livonia's traditional industrial base south of the 1-96 corridor is planned for continued industrial uses. This well - established industrial area has the potential to nurture new manufacturing and technology -based enterprises, and the intent of this character area is to gradually improve the appearance of these areas while retaining them as cost- effective locations to support new and existing businesses in the City. Table 2.9: Tech and Manufacturing Guidelines Lot Dimensions and Density minimum lot area 20,000 sq. ft. minimum lot width 100ft. frontage in build -to area n/a maximum density n/a maximum attached n/a dwelling unit % Building Setbacks min. 50 ft. arterial street max. none min. 50ft local street max. , none side (one) 20 ft. side (total of both) 40 ft. rear 20 ft. from adjacent 100 ft. residential districts Building Height minimum 1 story maximum 4 stories 91 �Y� •� 1 _T -��- 1 Appropriate Land Uses include industrial, manufacturing, office, research, warehousing, and similar uses. Outdoor storage is may be appropriate in the Tech and Manufacturing area in certain limited instances where the outdoor component of the use will not generate any negative impacts on nearby residential neighborhoods or major streets. Density. There are no density standards for industrial areas. Connectivity. Bicycle and pedestrian connections within and through the Tech and Manufacturing area are encouraged. Building Location. Buildings should be located towards the middle of the lot, with a landscaped front yard between the building and the street. Building Design. Buildings may be industrial in nature but should include quality materials and detailing on the front fagade. Parking and Loading. Parking and loading activities are encouraged to be located in side or rear yards. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT M � ■ I City of Novi k. City of Farmington Hills ti F rmin tan City of Farmington Hills ti I City of Southfield ;Ave r- KupiwuLr k _ — Far -w•5 r . AID via[ I . paG�la� airs [ NlarE� C. �` r#hlarid Dr f, No r[hland R I I _ CIA J Bridg MLI r I I k •_ aria �I lw I 90 , Avg k � I • ■ ■ rancr ■ Ave I n or Arne Elmer C# ' r L L 1 rLlki LJ '- F_ AngRr J5V19 U , r 1P L ~� ,a 5 �rfstolM1Dr ' ��- ' Onjand AVG � - �r �MEN [rr*F r , €l y - Pon I ' t E adm r L,' % _� L 5 Mile Rd I � 1 i+— EEE M M 600ftm E MIlnr� t.aL�� F 1 I ettAye LE IL onDT I ' Gr ii � f � I k L , If 11 11111 Iim cl i : 0 0 E Cantor GLen dal I � a _ I rr ' �ranll�nd Av� i` . � � � I � ■ I ■ �} .Plymouth Rd M-14 - r :7 �. meµ— •� C:3 -RI�IVIr� - LL � �� ' � 2■ Nil LIT - �� o d�OR k - mIJ Lk' tJi41ri - r. I L r Al %%l %% � F___ � ir Joy Ind wnship City of Westland I Dearborn Heights j Proposed Future Land Use City of Livonia, Michigan LEGEND Parks and Community Law Density Residential Medium Density Residential High Density Residential � Corridor Commercial � Regional Commercial � Mixed Development Center � City Center Tech and Manufacturing Floodplain Area 0 D. 5 1 MILES Data Source: City of Livonia, 2015, Michigan Geographic Framework, Michigan Center for Geographic I nformation, MGKenna, 2018 r� L -A ■ M C K E N N A September DRAFT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Missing Middle I lousing The Future Land Use Plan for Livonia places importance on neighborhood improvements and the creation of housing opportunities for the families of the future and downsizing options for residents of today. Much of the conversation surrounding the mismatch between current housing stock and demographic trends focuses on the need for "missing middle housing." A response to limited appeal of traditional multi -family housing types developed in decades past, missing middle housing is those types between single -unit detached homes and mid -rise apartment buildings on the density and typology scale. The Future Land Use Plan is intended to address the missing middle housing types and provide some flexibility for encouraging walkable infill housing development in Livonia by encouraging adaptive reuse in massing, density, and dimensional requirements in several districts. Districts where missing -middle is encouraged: • Medium Density Residential • High Density Residential • Corridor Commercial • Mixed Development Centers • City Center M 7 L,1 Triplex Live Work Figure 2.1: Missing Middle Housing Types Duplex Adjacent V_ Fourplex Rowhouses ' Y 1 ti� r Duplex Stacked _ 2 r. . i Small Apartment y �$ d ML Accessory Units 23 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING r couftard Li vejWork -- Townh Ouse Apant ou " gal ow CAWrt o 0119 -(Vpes MI-d-Rise According to the Smart Growth Network (SGN), in its National Conversation on the Future of Our Communities, these housing types "are classified as missing because very few have been built since the early 1940s due to regulatory constraints, the shift to auto -dependent patterns of development, and the incentivization of single-family home ownership." The eight defining characteristics of missing middle housing — according to the Smart Growth Network - are as follows: 1. Walkable communities — according to SGN, the most important characteristic of missing middle housing is that it must be built in walkable urban areas close to services and amenities such as restaurants, markets, and work. 2. Medium density but lower perceived densities — SGN notes that perception and design is key when it comes to the perceived densities of missing middle housing. In short, those missing middle housing is typically medium density (16 dwelling units/acre to 35 dwelling units/acre), context -sensitive design and small building footprints help the densities feel more tenable to existing residents and neighbors. 3. Small footprint and blended densities — densities should be blended and small- to medium-sized building footprints maintained for ideal urban infill sites, "even in older neighborhoods that were originally developed for single-family homes but have been planned and often zoned to evolve with slightly higher densities", according to SGN. 4. Smaller, well -designed units — many urban experts believe that a common mistake of architects and builders that has resulted in obsolete denser housing types is the impulse to force typically suburban unit and building types into the urban core. SGN advocates for smaller, better -designed units to help keep costs down and widen the affordability of housing in urban cores. 5. Off-street parking does not drive the plan —since missing middle housing is best built in walkable environments, there is often a need for less parking than even zoning standards call for. When large parking areas are built, "the buildings become inefficient from a development potential or yield standpoint and can shift neighborhoods below the 16-dwelling unit/acre density threshold". The16-dwelling unit/acre density threshold is the point at which a neighborhood generally can support public transit and streets where walkable services and retail become viable. 6. Simple construction — simple construction methods support two important pieces in the missing middle housing equation — profitability to the developer and affordability to the purchaser. 7. Creating community — with the common spaces typical of many of the forms of missing middle housing, such as courtyards and bungalow courts, there is the opportunity for neighbor interaction and community -building often greater than with traditional single- family and high-rise apartment development. 8. Marketability — the marketability of many of the missing middle housing types is key to their success in a competitive market; adding to the attractiveness of many of the forms is the ability to provide a scale and experience similar to single-family homes. For example, when occupants enter from a front porch with a dedicated entrance, rather than sharing interior common space entrances in typical apartment buildings. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT Tr �..L-- a ii �j % � N ryF ti f• 7 1 • �■ 'mph f- Special Planning Areas SPECIAL AREA SELECTION WHAT IS A SPECIAL The selection of the special planning areas was conducted by the PLANNING AREA? Steering Committee with input and guidance from the consultant team. Early in this process the Steering Committee identified approximately Special planning areas are targeted two dozen areas throughout the City that are priorities for future public locations within the City that can serve as a catalyst for change in the and private investment. From this list, the top three areas were selected community. Each special planning for future study as part of this Master Plan update. These areas met the area in this chapter includes a focus following criteria: on how current conditions and future opportunities, a defined vision for 1. Opportunities for Parcel Assembly - Contains large parcels or a redevelopment, and clearly illustrates collection of parcels of land under single ownership or with few the specific development principles owners. that should be considered as future development takes shape. They 2. Advances Community Goals - Helps advance other municipal serve as a powerful tool for both goals and policies if redeveloped public and private entities to consider when evaluating future investment, 3. Aligns with the Market - Supports and grows market segments ensuring the expectation and path that align with market trends, best practices, or grow sectors to redevelopment is clear and coordinated. identified from a detailed market assessment. Collectively, all of the special areas 4. Transitions Under Performing Areas - Grows or re -imagines areas plans share a strong common element: that no longer are competitive in the market. they enhance the quality of life for Livonia residents through the creation 5. Reflects Community Aspirations -Advances the aspirations and of new vibrant places, and increase vision of the community. revenue to the City. 6. Enhances Image and Brand - Will enhance the image of the place Redevelopment of these areas will not (city, district, corridor, etc.) once redeveloped. be realized overnight, but the Plan is a tool for the public and private sector 7. Serves as a Catalyst - Creates energy in the market and to collaborate and execute this vision community to re -envision and grow new opportunities collectively over time. Based on this criteria the steering committee identified three special planning areas. This included 1) City Center/City Hall, 2) Livonia Mall, and 3) East Plymouth Road between Middle Belt and Inkster Road. These areas were explored at the Charrette which greatly influenced the final recommendations. 25 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 2.2: Special Planning Areas Road Z a R C Former Livonia Mall East Plymouth Road Corridor HOW ARE SPECIAL PLANNING AREAS USED? Private Sector Developers, engineers, and others will play a critical role in the development of the project study area. This Plan and special planning areas assists the private sector in gaining an understanding of the development opportunity in each the area. The Plan specifically does this by: • Providing an overview of the regional and neighborhood context that will support the development. • Outlining clear principles to guide development, so that the private sector understands the public expectations. • Identifying the natural and environmental constraints of each. • Illustrates the vision and development potential/capacity of each area. Public Sector Often, municipalities face competition among each other to attract private development. A community with a vision is likely to attract high -quality private development. This Plan helps the City of Livonia reach these objectives by: • Guiding future land use and zoning decisions to align with a targeted development strategy. • Communicating the area's opportunity to the private sector. • Sharing the City's and public vision for the form an character of the area. • Gives direction for where to prioritize public improvements to align with and support private sector investment. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW SPECIAL PLANNING AREA: City Center One of the definitive elements of many great communities is the existence of a recognizable downtown area. Research produced during the master planning process has indicated that Livonia does not have a discernible `center' or downtown. This special planning area was identified as it represents an opportunity to evaluate and envision how future improvements to the existing city campus can evolve into a central gathering point for community and commerce in Livonia. Figure 2.4: City Center — Existing Zoning ICFV Local Business Gen Business Parking Open Space Office - Hi -Rise Prof. Office SF (R-1) SF (R-2) MF (R-4) - Condo. Res. MF (R-7) Agriculture Figure 2.3: City Center — Existing Land Use KEY - Commercial Office SF (R-1) MF (R-7) - Elderly Housing Community Service - Open Space EXISTING CONDITIONS The City Center and adjacent properties include several large aggregated spaces for both public and private investment. Most of the area is owned by the City and the site includes Livonia Public School bus depot. The site features two significant existing wooded/ wetland areas as well as dedicated plaza spaces reflecting Livonia's rich culture. The ground is relatively flat and gently slopes toward to the woods and neighborhood to the south. Many of the existing buildings at the current government center are neither completely, nor efficiently, utilized, or are in need of significant upgrades. While the City has made investment in maintaining several of the buildings on this site, most of the structures have reached the end of their practical lifespan. This represents an opportunity to evaluate how the structures are enhanced or re -envisioned in the future. 27 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 2.6: City Center — Areas to Preserve rr Five Mile Road K Memorial r-n Civic Center Drive Public Art cQ 0 0 -C . 1k, Wetland E.R- 0• Figure 2.5: City Center — Existing Access M 0 Qj rL 16th District Court Civic Center Cr Jack E.- Library 5 Kirsky 0- Recreation L 1- - J. (ACenter -� ±17ac. CIA - Jamison Ave. MARKET CONSIDERATIONS A key element in creating a vision and redevelopment strategy for a special planning area is to understand market potential. To create a site development concept that capitalizes on geographic location, is grounded in market realities and incorporates environmental s opportunities, the following considerations were given Q to the vision for the City Center: K ID Examine development opportunities on Jamison Ave. underutilized land assets on City owned property. Examine surrounding non -motorized connections between City facilities. Consider housing options that provide for a = = variety of new multi -generational lifestyles. Review options to incorporate mixed -use structures that enhance daily activity. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Figure 2.7: Conceptual Master Plan of the proposed vision for City Center. Top r , NOR I , ,ice --.Mb , _ d Five Mile Road Table 2.10: City Center — Site Development Data A. Proposed Civic Campus • City Hall/ Library • District Court • Public Safety (Police Dept., Fire Dept.) • Community Space/ Amphitheater B. Recreation Campus • City Recreation Center • Senior Center C_ Memorial Park • +/- 5 acres D. Mixed -Use Development • +/-16 acres • 22,000-40,000 sq. ft. (retail/office) • 500 residential units • 3-4 stories E. Attached Single -Family Residential • +/-16 acres • 126 units F. Commercial Mixed -Use Development • +/-7 acres • 15,000 sq. ft. (retail) • 180 residential units • 3-4 stories "�f _ 9 ; 7k: T r r � FF T 1 ro .or. . �qr q"M - r , ; 0 � Ir F9MMP _1 L ` �k *h T Z F AL The vision / concept for the Civic Center was inspired by civic campus in Fishers, IN shown above. 29 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN CITY CENTER DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES 000 oil hr i�gwk_ Provide a mix of civic, residential and commercial uses with activity on the site throughout the day. Establish an identifiable and defined City Center for the residents of the City of Livonia. Include a critical mass of full-time residents on the property to enhance safety and civic activity. Promote the re -development of adjacent properties with uses that are synergistic with the new city center development. Create outdoor space for community activities including, festivities, galas, entertainment and a variety of other city gatherings. Entertainment and a variety of other City gatherings. Community activities including; concerts, festivities, galas, entertainment and a variety of other City gatherings. Establish opportunities for private investment on the campus site and surrounding properties. These principles should inform how the form and character of future development may occur within the special planning area, or for any zoning code updates that are made. They are intended to be a guide and general in nature. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I STARTS NOW % r i'e .: } f , _ MdkL • , i •� ± r + lit doo, FFF f Am so r or .' } i I F • J � F dPL} fi Ly L:I%r Alm d r L � i r _ F i 4 , 1 + ,wry L *41 + L ` { . ` y Li bm I .a � r r r I � - �! Fi rL� I x y 4 4-1 - L r - 9 ma �Jti 1 9% 1. +ti ,r y 1 .' � ' � '■� � � � _ram' � � ��• � 4 I � 1 � r P � { • 7 t `RL 41 1# ~ T T L II ' 1 , f• { qj 9dt 1 1 ■ ti 1 1.1 �L91Lmom jr L ■ 1 L L r r 1 r ## 9:� - i ■ - J J 1 + 1 r � 1 5 t rp Conceptual rendering of the proposed vision for Civic Center. This view is looking west across Farmington Road into the proposed residential neighborhood. 31 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 2.8: City Center Conceptual Phasing Plan. The specific development timing will be determined during future planning efforts. There are multiple advantages of phasing a development like the Livonia City Center. One primary motive for development phasing is to control and minimize disruption of current operations. To maintain City operations it will be necessary to build a new facility for essential services to move into before demolishing an old facility. Operations can continue while a contractor's physical work is underway in another area, minimizing disruption of services during service relocations. Since the Civic Campus is relatively compact, services can be shuffled as new facilities are built and old facilities are demolished. Conceptually, the investments in Phase I, will move the Senior Center and City Hall into new facilities possibly with the Library and/or Livonia Public Schools. This will be an ideal first step in the development of City Center because it will clear the way for private development on the northeast corner of the site in Phase 2, which will help activate the new City green and gathering space. Phases with revenue generating uses can be used to offset costs for future phasing. Precise operational and square footage programming needs should be determined though a feasibility planning process for City Center. Proper phasing of City owned facilities will also need to be reexamined after a facilities assessment is conducted and/or when a potential developer expresses interest in the site. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW SPECIAL PLANNING AREA: Former Livonia Mall As the commercial market continues to change, many retail and shopping oriented properties have struggled to maintain occupancy. The site of the former Livonia Mall is a classic example of the changes in shopping trends away from large format and big box retail. It is also indicative of many commercial areas being `over retailed,' creating an over supply in the market. Also significant is the opportunity to enhance the historic Clarenceville connection one of Livonia's founding areas. This site was in part identified as a special planning area for these reasons and because of the opportunity to redevelop a site with a large single user containing a significant amount of surface parking. In addition, concepts for this area are intended to complement and build off of the recent investment on the southern portion of the special planning area along Seven Mile. In order to increase activity and viability of retail space, there is a growing movement to infuse these properties with new activities and full-time residents which will diversify the market and increase day and night time activity in the area. The site also represents an opportunity to increase missing middle housing options in the City. Figure 2.10: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Zoning Figure 2.9: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Land Use KEY _ Local Business Gen. Business Parking - Open Space Office - Hi -Rise Prof. Office SF (R-1) Rural Urban Farm MF (R-4) _ M F (R-7) KEY - Commercial Office SF (R-1) M F (R-7) - Elderly Housing Community Service EXISTING CONDITIONS This area encompasses the northwest and northeast corner of the intersection of Middle Belt and Seven Mile Road. The area is largely zoned for business uses, and the existing land use is exclusively commercial. Most of the area represents existing buildings and parcels that are underutilized and contain a significant amount of vacancy. While not labeled on the map as vacant, many structures have become functionally obsolete due to lack of demand, dated building layout, and limited opportunity to integrate them into a mixed use setting. The site has good access which makes it desirable for future development for a variety of uses. The lack of pedestrian amenities and comfort should be considered and enhanced in the future. 33 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 2.12: Former Livonia Mall — Vacant or Underutilizied Areas Underutilized �-rm; -T Vacantropp"r St. Martins Road ±6.7ac Vassar Street ±21.7ac 3 ±5.4ac CL CL o ± 4.7 ac W CL Pub- 41 Seven Mile Road Figure 2.11: Former Livonia Mall — Existing Access n ± 0.2 ac ± 1.6 ac MARKET CONSIDERATIONS To create a site concept that is rooted in market conditions and trends, the following considerations were given to the future development of the former Livonia Mall area: Consider the replacement of under -performing {{' �' commercial structures with neighborhood -scale uses with pedestrian connections to the adjacent e neighborhoods. E-0- H-0 Review the opportunity to incorporate a variety LI�� of housing options to increase density. � Examine commercial/retail opportunities that ar � attractive to the proximate residents and area workers. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT neighborhoods. E-0- H-0 Review the opportunity to incorporate a variety LI�� of housing options to increase density. � Examine commercial/retail opportunities that ar � attractive to the proximate residents and area workers. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Figure 2.13: Former Livonia Mall — Concept Plan Table 2.11: Former Livonia Mall — Site Development Data A. Commercial Commons • +/- 9 acres • Hotel/ Suites (120 keys) • Functional Public Green • 33,000 sq. ft. (In -line Retail) B. Multi -Family "Flats" Residential • +/-13 acres • 330 Flats C. Commercial Out -lots • +/- 3 acres • 10,000 sq. ft. D. Commercial Office • +/- 4 acres • 20,000 sq. ft. E. Attached Single -Family Residential • +/-14 acres • 142 Townhomes / 84 Flats F. Commercial Office • +/-10 acres • 10,000 sq. ft. 440" Vn -- Seven Mile Road i -ems I r1.a i o 1 ! r k • - 11 E w Grandview Yard (Columbus, OH) is an example of a infill mixed -use project that strengthened the character and economic condition of an aging corridor. 35 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN FORMER LIVONIA MALL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES 'i L W ArrP -1 Provide a mix of residential and commercial uses that promotes safety, activity and vitality within Livonia. Incorporate appropriately sized green spaces for use by the residents and visitors of the new development. Promote walkability and connectivity within the development and the adjacent neighborhoods. Enhance the diversity of residential housing stock available within the City of Livonia. Provide flexible residential opportunities and densities that can align with the market demand. Encourage the re -development of adjacent properties with uses that are compatible with the new development on this site. These principles should inform how the form and character of future development may occur within the special planning area, or for any zoning code updates that ore mode. They ore intended to be a guide and general in nature. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW SPECIAL PLANNING AREA: East Plymouth Road Corridor The East Plymouth Road Corridor has been one of the main commercial centers of Livonia for nearly a century. Today, the corridor has a variety of small to medium sized commercial uses, and in some areas moderate vacancy and aging building stock. Plymouth road as a whole was identified as an area that needs consideration how it will develop in the future. Specifically, the eastern segment of the corridor between Middle Belt and Inkster was selected as an area that would benefit from being studied as a special planning area. It is important to note that while this area was identified as a priority, it represents many of the same opportunities and challenges present throughout the larger corridor, and thus should be considered as a template or model for how future growth and development may occur throughout the corridor. Figure 2.15: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Existing Zoning Figure 2.14: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Existing Land Use MRS. Or- __000000 16 W- Plymouth Road EXISTING CONDITIONS KEY The corridor is currently made - Commercial up of a variety of zoning types Office and land uses. The result is an SF(R-1) uncoordinated look and feel, - MF(R-7) with uses ranging from industrial, ElderlyHousingcommercial, and residential. In some instance, this mix can be Community Service desirable for the form and site - Open Space orientation that is inconsistent - Industrial/Utility - M F (R-7) between the uses, and results in a patchwork throughout the corridor. The corridor also is auto -oriented, with few areas that are truly pedestrian -oriented. This is largely due to frequent vehicle access and curb cuts that create a KEY significant amount of conflicts for the pedestrian and bicyclist on the Local Business corridor. Gen. Business - Parking Another key element of the existing - Open Space conditions in the corridor is the Office significant amount of surface SF(R-1) parking and lack of identifiable Rural Urban Farm and purposeful greenspace. This Two Family(R-6) creates an environment that lacks - MF(R-7) comfort and accentuates the auto orientated nature of the existing development pattern. 37 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 2.16: East Plymouth Road Corridor - Existing Access �■ am POW MARKET CONSIDERATIONS M - _ I±113.2 ac lolls z Or 1 I 1 i 1 Plymouth Road 1 1 To create a site concept that is rooted in market conditions and trends, the following considerations were given to future development of Plymouth Road. These considerations were both the reflections of the market as well as best practices in planning and urban design. One of the key considerations with this special planning area was the need to better create a sense of place, and `human oriented' development pattern that would attract a mix of uses in a distinct and walkable pattern. This shift in the design and planning of the corridor aligns the vision with market demand for vibrant places with a mix of uses. W /�•� 1 - ■I_ Consider solutions to better integrate the larger "- industrial uses. Explore ways to collectively grow nodes by •- �• combining small and shallow parcels to create LIU larger development sites that can accommodate a variety of use in a walkable and mixed -use setting. Examine the aggregation of uses to establish key development sites. {{ 1 '%% Embrace the street / streetscape by moving buildings closer the street and creating outdoor spaces for work, play, and entertainment. Break down the corridor into specific nodes to concentrate development with a focus on entertainment uses, creating clusters of activity. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW A A AA r,F'q Table 2.12: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Site Development Data A. cuommercial Vut-lots • 6 Possible Sites • +/- 9 acres • 20,000 sq. ft. B. In -line Retail / Office • +/-10 acres • 72,000 sq. ft. (mixed commercial) r Figure 2.17: East Plymouth Road Corridor — Concept Plan I +I•+ _ f:jLC r f 1 T rr dp , *_ww This development illustrates the intended development pattern for the future of the corridor 39 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN EAST PLYMOUTH ROAD CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES M Provides an attractive and cohesive mix of residential and commercial uses. Establishes identifiable "nodes" at key intersections to facilitate orderly redevelopment and creates a "sense of place". Organizes the structures to enhance the visual character of the corridor and minimize the visual impact of parking areas. Encourages the use of shared access points to enhance safety and reduce the effect of numerous connections to the busy roadway. Provides pedestrian connections to the adjacent neighborhoods and connectivity for nearby residents. Creates opportunities to for private investment on the sites and surrounding properties. These principles should inform how the form and character of future development may occur within the special planning area, or for any zoning code updates that are made. They are intended to be a guide and general in nature. BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT STARTS NOW A Model for the Future of Plymouth Road CREATING A FRAMEWORK The special planning area recommendations contained in this section were designed to be a large transformative vision for the east section of the corridor. While this section of Plymouth Road is important, it is also important that the corridor as a whole is healthy. The vision and principles outlined here should therefore be applied to other areas of the corridor. The corridor would also benefit from a more comprehensive corridor plan that examines, outlines, and aligns a collective strategy. It will be extremely important for the City to consider planning for the corridor as a whole as a next step. Lasting success will be a result of how the individual segments/districts along the corridor are developed over time. To plan for the corridor comprehensively, a framework that includes seven specific elements was created. These elements represent key development considerations that should be applied throughout the corridor. When collectively addressed, the overall vision for the special planning area will grow throughout the corridor, resulting in a more comprehensive revitalization of Plymouth Road. IMPLEMENTING THE FRAMEWORK The next step to plan for the corridor is to begin the hard work and start the journey through individual `steps.' This will take both public and private support/involvement. The City must start the process by setting the tone and expectations for the private sector. The private sector must consider and apply the vision and hold other neighbors accountable for following the same vision and level of quality in their development efforts. The community must hold both the City and private sector accountable. _ 1 z = Mir or lit t� 1 r ■ 1 1 + - .J M X 1 1 a W%67—� � � � M A 1 ' ' r 0v ■ L r T = I � i ' 1 ■ ■� ' - 1111 ■ inkj.i - ` 1 RECOMMENDATIONS Create New Outlots 1 1 The space between Plymouth Road and the existing Roush property should be re -apportioned to include 1 commercial out -lots with buildings organized in a similar pattern to the new development on the south side of 1 Plymouth Road. These new sites and businesses would have limited access from Plymouth Road. The existing 1 ingress/egress locations from Deering Road and just to the West of Harrison Road can provide connectivity 1 and circulation to both the out -lot businesses and the existing parking for the main Roush facilities. 1 1 Aggregate the Development 1 1 Through public and private collaboration, properties should be acquired to facilitate the development of 1 new structures and parking facilities. The combined redevelopment of properties can provide the benefit 1 of consistent architectural details and cohesive appearance. Assembling small parcels will also create more 1 attractive development opportunities to accommodate larger scale infill projects. 1 1 Reduce Visual Impact of Parking Areas 1 1 New Buildings shall be oriented and organized on the sites to create a defined visual corridor along the street. 1 Landscape and buffer treatments should be utilized where there are gaps in the buildings. Common access 1 agreements amongst all property owners/ developers should be established in areas between intersecting 1 public streets. 1 1 Improve Access Management 1 1 Parking should be provided at the rear of the properties with limited access points to Plymouth Road. As 1 properties are acquired and developed, each block should be studied to determine a few (2-3) most effective 1 points to access the parking areas behind the buildings. This can reduce the opportunity for vehicular 1 crossings and accidents. 1 1 w—� Define Pedestrian Connections and Crossings A few, select, crossing points should be added between existing street intersections to establish specific locations for pedestrian activity. These areas should be consistently spaced and augmented with landscape and hardscape treatments to accentuate the importance of these spaces. Through the use of elements on the ground plane and along the street, drivers will identify these areas as locations for pedestrian activity. Cohesive Streetscape Character 1 1 A diverse yet cohesive landscape and amenities palette should be created for Plymouth Road. Benches, 1 fences, railings, landscape and lighting should be consistent through the corridor to unify the corridor. 1 Create New Zoning Standards That Apply to the Whole Corridor 1 1 New zoning regulations should be developed to unify the form, character, style, and mix of uses in the corridor. 1 Generally the form and character should be aligned, and a variety of uses should be considered as allowable 1 uses throughout the corridor. 1 1 BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT I I • •h •15� •L• III. F` � I' I.� , i 5 r1131. r I` -{� rwj__� F _:,I _ _%FJIF T;; ry I 1 � i r� � •s � 1 • ` •, 4, Placemaking r r PLANNING FOR A SENSE OF PLACE Placemaking is the process by which we collectively design and manage elements of the public realm (markets, waterfronts, plazas, streets, parks, neighborhoods, downtowns, etc.) to create places that are appealing, accessible, sociable, comfortable, and support activity. Placemaking helps to define the pattern and use of the built environment and how well people are able to access, connect, and move around in it. Placemaking can also help build and enhance sense - of -place by supporting social interaction around common interests. Placemaking is not a new concept. In the 1960's, urban activists like Jane Jacobs talked about the need to create lively neighborhoods and inviting public spaces. Many placemaking concepts are rooted in the principles of Smart Growth and the New Urbanism movement of the 1990's. The most prominent state-wide effort to encourage and support placemaking in Michigan is the Mlplace Initiative. Mlplace is a statewide initiative whose purpose is to research and develop innovative placemaking tools, educate community leaders on the value and importance of placemaking and provide assistance to communities looking to implement placemaking tools. Through these efforts, the Initiative hopes to create communities that are better able to attract and retain the knowledge workers and entrepreneurs that are able to compete in the global economy. The Initiative is supported by a coalition of 14 state agencies and government advocacy organizations, including the Michigan State Housing and Development Association, the Michigan Municipal League and Michigan State University's Land Policy Institute. Because placemaking is such an important part of planning and economic development, especially for a historic community like Livonia placemaking recommendations will be inserted throughout this document to complement the overall vision. ECONOMIC BENEFIT Also important is the potential for economic returns that are made possible with placemaking. Great spaces, even if not inherently economically producing, can trigger an economic impact in surrounding areas. A local example of this dynamic at work is Campus Martius in downtown Detroit. The redevelopment of this small space had a large impact on the economic vitality of downtown Detroit. It is estimated that Campus Martius attracts nearly two million visitors a year and stimulates almost one billion dollars of investments and nearby redevelopment. Not only is Campus Martius a generator for economic activity but it is also an active and vibrant public space. 43 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN What makes a space GREAT? GUIDING DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF EVERY PLACEMAKING EFFORT The following 12 key elements are critical design principles to consider in to any placemaking effort. In Livonia, there are a wealth of opportunities for these elements to be customized into the City's neighborhoods, mixed use districts and gathering spaces. The City can also formalize best practices for placemaking in future zoning updates. location + Easily accessible + Attract a variety of users: e.g. workers, seniors, kids, etc. Q I size + Human scale + Maintain appropriate sight lines, i.e. facial expressions of others I visual complexity + Variety of forms, colors, and textures + Range of elements: i.e. places to sit, vegetation, public art, etc. MCI uses and activities + Programming to accommodate both lingerers and passers -through + Incorporate preferences of both men and women micro climate + Maximize year-round use + Impact of light, wind patterns, and inclusion of sunny and shady areas boundaries + Visual and functional transitions between the plaza and adjacent buildings + Design edges with nooks and corners that extend into the plaza ■ circulation + Safe pedestrian pathways to encourage walking + Accommodate needs for the disabled, elderly, strollers, vendors, etc. seating + The most important element in encouraging plaza use + Varying types of seating: primary (permanent and movable) and secondary vegetation / plantings + Variety of vegetation to achieve desired views, shade, , and color + Develop a maintenance plan a rt is+ Art should promote interaction and communication + Inclusion of water elements such as fountains and reflecting pools food /beverages -40 + Food / beverage services available in and next to the plaza (vendors, kiosk, cafes, etc.) + Amenities to augment eating facilities: rest rooms, trash containers, and seating + Zero waste signs and recycling resources programs -100 + Ability to hold special events, temporary exhibits, concerts, etc. + Functional stage area that can be used for other activities BOOK 2: LAND DEVELOPMENT LIVONIA VISION 21 CITY OF LIVONIA, MI ��\ MCKENNA OHMI11 �.w w,,� �It .��I BOOK 3 of 4 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT How do we get there? DRAFT • SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Acknowledgments Thank you! The participation and cooperation of community leaders, residents, business owners and stakeholders in the preparation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 MASTER PLAN is greatly appreciated and we thank everyone who participated in its development. The content in this Plan reflects the on -going collaboration between residents, stakeholders, and the City of Livonia. n particular, we acknowledge the efforts of: LIVONIA DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Mark Taormina, AICP, PCP, Director Scott Miller, Planner IV Barb Gamber, Economic Development Coordinator Marge Watson, Program Supervisor Debra Walter, Clerk LIVONIA VISION 21 STEERING COMMITTEE Kevin Aoun James Baringhaus Maureen Miller Brosnan Ruth Ann Brown Edward Davis Sharon Dolmetsch Heather Douglas Frank Grisa Jim Inglis Stacy Jenkins Kathleen McIntyre Kevin Priddy Paul Shepich Jeff Shingler Peter Ventura, Chair Dan West CITY LEADERSHIP Dennis K. Wright, Mayor Susan M. Nash, Clerk Lynda L. Scheel, Treasurer CITY COUNCIL Scott Bahr Jim Jolly Brandon M. Kritzman Kathleen McIntyre Brian Meakin Laura Toy Cathy K. White PLANNING COMMISSION Sam Caramagno Glen Long, Jr. Elizabeth McCue Kevin Pridd Carol Smiley Peter Ventura Ian Wilshaw CONSULTANT TEAM McKENNA John Jackson, AICP, President Paul Lippens, AICP, Project Manager Laura Haw, AICP, Project Planner Deanna Dupuy, Assistant Project Planner Jennifer Neal, Assistant Project Planner Alex Novak, Assistant Project Planner Carrie Leitner, Art Director / Graphic Designer OHM Advisors Aaron Domini, Assistant Project Manager Heather Bowden, Project Planner Forrest Gibson, Landscape Architect Margherite Novak, Assistant Project Planner i LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Table of Contents Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................................................................................... i Tableof Contents...................................................................................................................................................................................... ii BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Introduction.......................................................................... 1 Sustainability and Resiliency........................................................... 2 Waterand Sewer..................................................................... 6 Future Transportation Plan............................................................. 8 Future Transportation Map... ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** *** 1 Innovative Mobility Strategies......................................................... 15 Healthy Communities................................................................ 19 Parks............................................................................... 21 Housing and Neighborhoods..........................................................24 LIST OF MAPS Map 3.1: Pervious vs. Impervious Land Cover............ 3 Map 3.2: Water and Sewer Infrastructure ............... 7 Map 3.3 Future Transportation Map .................. 13 Map 3.3: Parks .................................... 22 Map 3.4: Residential Land Use ....................... 25 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Future Transportation Plan Elements ........... 9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Excerpt of Livonia Bikeway Map ............... 1 Figure 3.2: Livonia Land Cover (2010).................... 2 Figure 3.3: Example Modal Configurations for Boulevards .. 10 Figure 3.4: Example Modal Configurations for Avenues .....11 Figure 3.5: Example Modal Configurations for Streets...... 12 Figure 3.6: Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework.... 16 Figure 3.7: Natural Land Uses ......................... 23 Figure 3.8: Housing Occupancy ........................ 27 BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I STARTS NOW Q (n 5 6Mile Rc L O Z 275 ■ Bike Lane WP Bike Lane Bike Route iv Y W -----------I � Joy Rd Canton Figure 3.1: Excerpt of Livonia Bikeway Map Introduction _ ODULlIIIt--Iu_-___ Crd 7d erq �e atment Led Shoulder load Diet ) Marked Shared Lane 0 City of Westland Buffered/ Protected Bike Lane Shared Use Path Trail The Systems Development Book presents conditions and strategies for growing and maintaining the City's key infrastructure systems. The Future Transportation plan evaluates vehicular movement, nonmotorized connectivity, transit connections, and innovative mobility strategies. The book presents emerging themes and findings for sustainability, water and sewer, neighborhoods, healthy communities, and parks. LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Sustainability and Resencyili A sustainable and resilient community possesses a healthy environment, strong economy, and prioritizes the well-being of its residents. While maintaining this natural, social, and economical balance, these concepts work to solve current local issues and look forward to the future through a lens of innovation and progress. This section covers the physical landscape and public programs in Livonia as it relates to sustainability and resiliency. LAND COVER It is important to look at land cover when talking about sustainability because of its affects on climate stabilization, stormwater management, and water quality. In comparison to Westland, Livonia has a slightly higher impervious surface ratio. Trends in reducing pervious surface starts with setting standards or guidelines for future development. Popular practices for stormwater management include green roofs, bioretention (rain gardens), land permeable paving and pavers. According to the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), approximately 10,730.9 acres of land (46.8%) in Livonia are considered to be impervious. This includes buildings, roads, driveways, and parking lots. In terms of pervious acreage, 23.9% of the City consists of trees and 0.9% is bare. Bare land includes soils, aggregate piles, and unplanted fields. Approximately 0.7% of the City is water, which includes all rivers, lakes, drains, and ponds. The map on the following page and graphic below show proportions of land cover in Livonia. Figure 3.2: Livonia Land Cover (2010) 46.8% Impervious Source: SEMCOG Development 2 7.7 % Open Space 1i a Earth Day 2017, Livonia MI 23.9% Trees Id 0.9% 0.7% Bare Water BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Vtol 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Map 3.1: Pervious vs. Impervious Land Cover 1. s_a I • IL � _ ,ram � 1 _ ' � 1 : , ■ :' � .1 : - . 1 1. J1 • r jjon�ll■■■■■■..LL3�� r " ir 1. f , 1 r 1 ' It 4Li •1 - 1 Pit 4 01 11 1". �• I r ■ 1 S 1 " 1 T ' f { 1 �7r'r " i I k■ FL J 1• ■ tiA Era. 1 � 1 ■ t ' ■ 1 r 1� 1 J r NIL J I Gi� � ■ � F " V J - - t t ilf �_ 1 i� ■ _ y � 1 L ■ ' V" n rLLAr 1 " *;Zr • - 1 F b ^- z AL r i 4 + f i.. L' '•� 1 � JLI J• 1 } '1 J �` - . i. r ;sib jjlk* • r Pervious Land Cover Impervious Land Cover 0 0 0.5 1 2 Mi 3 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS IN LIVONIA Beyond efficient use of the land, policies supporting sustainability are important to promote and enforce resilient practices. As a member of Michigan Green Communities, the City of Livonia is dedicated to conserving energy and natural resources, while reducing pollution. The City's efforts have been recognized with awards from SEMCOG and the Michigan Municipal League.The following programs and initiatives were put in place to work towards their sustainability goals. Recycling The City of Livonia offers residents two options for recycling through the Curbside Recycling Program and the drop-off Recycle Center. Greenleaf Commission on stastainabilitv The mission of the commission is to encourage energy efficiency, conservation, and environmentally friendly practices. It promotes sustainable living and encourages the Livonia community to incorporate environmentally friendly practices into their daily lives. The Greenleaf Commission provides information and resources to help residents accomplish this. rergency Response Plan.c The Livonia Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program educates citizens about disaster preparedness for hazards that could impact our area, and trains them in basic disaster response skills. Regional Ride ""hare Program The Southeast Michigan Commuter Connect is a trip planning service that helps connect commuters to transportation options. The program intends to reduce Michigan's carbon footprint by promoting smart and eco-efficient transportation practices. Nextdoor The City of Livonia has partnered with Nextdoor to share important updates and information requests via the Nextdoor network. There are over 78 neighborhoods in Livonia that are active with Nextdoor neighborhood we bs ites. ■ t' 1 r ■rr 1 1� 'r 1 f Special Event, Take Pride in Livonia Day BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW W "APM".. LON 49WA P1 Sustainable Placemaking Example, Rochester, NY IMPORTANCE OF EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of a city's programs and policies is extremely important in order to successfully plan for strengthened adaptability and productivity of a city. This responsibility falls under the KEY FINDINGS reliance of municipalities, as the prosperity of the built environment, climate Through the analysis and energy, economy, community culture, equity, safety, natural systems, and consideration of the and innovation of its community depend on sustainability. Municipalities sustainability topics discussed can increase their sustainability by incorporating green initiatives as well as above, the following list supporting the long term financial health of its businesses and increasing presents the section's key residential density. findings: Brownfield Redevelopment Authority With open space scattered The first initiative is the Brownfield Redevelopment Authority. Under throughout the City, it is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, a brownfield, the expansion, important to preserve and redevelopment, or reuse of a property which may be complicated by the protect Livonia's pockets of presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or natural land. contaminant. • While the City directs Asset Management Program initiatives that support a The second initiative is an asset management program that examines the sustainable community, conditions of the City's water infrastructure. This is a critical move in light programs dedicated of the environmental and health issues that aged water infrastructure can entirely to sustainability are cause when they are either insufficient to handle the higher levels of storm low in number. Programs water being experienced today and or contain contaminants that impact should be modernized and the quality of drinking water. reflect today's needs and advancements. With the previously mentioned policies and programs put in place by the City of Livonia, and efficient use of the land, great strides have been made towards sustainability. j LIVONIA VISION 21 ' LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Water Frid Sewer With today's development demands and recommendations set forth in this plan, the City's aging water and sewer infrastructure needs to be addressed. Major concerns with the urbanization of communities include flood control, stormwater detention, and protecting drinking water. The following sections provide background on Livonia's water and sewer systems. WATER MAIN The water distribution system service area covers 36 square miles, outlined in Map 3.2, and obtains its supply through the Great Lakes Water Authority. There are approximately 466 miles of transmission and local distribution mains, varying in size from 6 to 36 inches in diameter. The slight majority of the City's water system was constructed between 1950 and 1970. Completed in 2010, the Livonia Water System Master Plan evaluates the adequacy of the water supply, provides an infrastructure assessment, and recommends improvements. Findings from the plan concluded the water system generally provides adequate service with recommendations for water main replacement/rehabilitation for several focus areas. STORM Located in the Rouge River Watershed, the City of Livonia has in place an existing Stormwater Management Program, as well as stormwater design standards and ordinances. The last Stormwater Management Plan was completed in 2002. This document reviews the City's existing stormwater system and management practices and sets recommendations relating to physical improvements, policy amendments, and funding options. Since its adoption, several grants have been awarded for projects called out in the plan. SANITARY The last Asset Management Plan for wastewater was completed in 2016. The goal of the Sanitary Asset Management Program is to provide and maintain high quality sanitary sewer collection services to existing and future customers in a cost effective manner while protecting human health and the environment. With 450 miles of sanitary sewer pipe and a 10,000 structure manhole network, the system was found to be aging and in need of routine inspection and associated rehabilitation activities. According to the plan, the sanitary sewer system is considered to be in good to fair condition. Manhole cover in Livonia, MI KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the infrastructure topics discussed above, the following list presents the section's key findings: • While the majority of plans addressing water and sewer are up to date, the Stormwater Management Plan should be updated to reflect current needs. • Capacity needs are currently being met, but additional water storage may be necessary. • Aging infrastructure in subdivisions requires replacement and rehabilitation. BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT STARTS NOW ` ii [,room.. 01�'�Ifl i 1:079 0 N On i r 0 Mel �- 7-j I I C! =4 WIN 0 IL Id 0ril i ff � P IL CA (oil LV211F,j M9 m• �b --�� LOr. NNW C=Oil '1 - i , _ err Q� ■, .1ii i�� ■• 11 11 _ate • � � �� ■■�� I �.� �� 1 ' �.i�r. � � I I MIA Ilia Id I � � ■ , � _—_■ i ��. , � .I if �� ■ - �� M�� MAE �dd 1 060 ON _ 17 . 1.0 11 aft ON Water and Sewer Infrastructure Livonia, MI Future Transportation Plan The Future Transportation Plan sets forth recommendations for the development of public right-of-way in a manner consistent with and supportive of recommendations for Future Land Use. The Future Transportation Map maintains the existing thoroughfare plan designation and adds a design typology designation. The map also displays the current Livonia Community Transit system and the planned Livonia Bike Loop. LIVONIA VISION 21 officially adopts Bike Walk Livonia as the plan for nonmotorized transportation in the City. The network is designed to link Livonia's most prominent parks, commercial districts, and employers, and establishes easy to navigate connections for people to drive, walk, bike and ride in their neighborhoods and around the City. PRIORITY PROJECTS The Future Transportation Plan outlines justification for the LIVONIA VISION 21 three-year priority project list, with emphasis on the following three transportation projects: • East Plymouth Road Corridor Plan • Livonia Bike Loop • Transit and Innovative Mobility Study THOROUGHFARE PLAN The City of Livonia developed during an era that focused on accommodating automobiles. Livonia's neighborhoods, shopping centers, schools, offices, and churches are connected through a vast road system and typically provide ample parking facilities. Initially, safe and strong non -motorized travel amenities were not prioritized in design, leaving many arterial corridors without sidewalks and bicycle facilities. The Bike Walk Livonia Plan outlines principles and priorities for retrofitting the transportation system to provide connectivity by all modes. A strength of Livonia's roadway network is that it is primarily a grid pattern, which allows for easier navigation and connectivity by all travelers. BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Table 3.1: Future Transportation Plan Elements Thoroughfare Plan Description Miles R.O.W. Width Design Typology Designations in Feet Designation Freeway Connects communities and services major 9.41 n/a n/a activity centers. Arterial Highway Connects communities and services major 6.61 100-120 Boulevard activity centers. Arterial Street Manages heavy volumes of traffic to other areas 58.84 100-120 Boulevard of the City. Special Arterial A broad avenue that services adjacent land use. n/a 180 Boulevard City Major Road Manages heavy volumes of traffic to other areas 23.61 n/a Boulevard of the City and/or communities. Industrial/Commercial Funnels or directs traffic primarily for a 15.79 n/a Avenue commercial and/or industrial purpose. Junction between local streets and major road Collector I with high rate of traffic (from major road to major 3.12 86 Avenue road). Collector II Junction between local streets and major road. 28.5 70 -100 Avenue Parkway Course through a park or landscaped 4.39 n/a Boulevard development. Local Street Provides access into neighborhoods and 331.91 60 Street adjacent properties. Reserved R.O.W. Land designated for future highways and streets. 0.51 86 Avenue Sidewalk A paved walk for pedestrians within the R.O.W. n/a 4-10 n/a Livonia Bike Loop The Livonia Bike Loop is the phase 1 bike system 31.73 5-9 n/a recommendation from Bike Walk Livonia. Livonia Community Transit links to DDOT Bus Transit Route 38 on Plymouth Road and SMART on n/a n/a n/a Grand River. Two fixed routes service peak hour commutes with 18 stops. Street Discontinuity Due to environmental constraints or if heavy n/a n/a n/a traffic is not desired. Railroad Grade A passage provided at a railroad crossing n/a n/a n/a Separation (overpass/underpass). DESIGN TYPOLOGIES The Future Land Use Plan establishes three design typologies for retrofitting roadway improvements: Boulevards, Avenues, and Streets. The following sections provide a description and examples of each typology. g LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Boulevards A boulevard is a street designed for higher vehicle capacity and moderate speed, traversing an urbanized area. High vehicle capacity makes boulevards good choices for use as primary transit routes. Boulevards commonly are designed with landscaped medians, making them suitable for green infrastructure treatments. The presence of landscaping, as well as ample separation from vehicle ways, make boulevards desirable pedestrian corridors. Boulevards should include bikeways and are good candidates for bike lanes and shared -use paths, depending on context and the number of driveways and intersections. Boulevards may be equipped with bus lanes or side - access lanes to buffer sidewalks and buildings. Side -access lanes are good candidates for shared lane markings. Figure 3.3: Example Configurations for Boulevards RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Avenues An avenue is a street of moderate to high vehicular capacity and low to moderate speed, acting as a connector between urban centers. Avenues often are commercial corridors with wide pedestrian facilities and on -street parking. Avenues may be equipped with landscaped medians and should include bike lanes or marked shared lanes, especially if they are planned links in a bikeway network. Avenues frequently serve as links to a multitude of transit systems. Figure 3.4: Example Configurations for Avenues RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL 11 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Streets A street is a local connection facility. Streets can make connections along commercial corridors but often serve residential areas. Street character may vary in response to the adjacent commercial or residential area. Streets usually have raised curbs, drainage inlets, wide sidewalks, space for parallel parking, and trees in individual or continuous planters. Residential streets with open drainage and no sidewalks are common and appropriate some settings. Signed bike routes using shared lanes and bike boulevards are often appropriate treatments for streets; bike lanes and shared lane markings should be considered on streets with heavier traffic. Transit routes are less common on streets; however, connection to transit via bicycle and pedestrian modes is necessary Figure 3.5: Example Configurations for Streets RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT III No! Ali E ■—, 1111� �, IIINII�li1 IF` mill == Illllli -will m LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Innovative Mobility!' trategies LIVONIA VISION 21 advances Livonia 7 s transportation network with innovative mobility strategies for connecting residents locally and regionally. The single occupant vehicle travel pattern characterized by door-to-door private vehicle trips can be supplemented by mixed - mode behaviors. Whether its sharing a ride to a meeting with a colleague, walking to lunch, or riding your bike to the trail, the one mode transportation day is in the past. The Plan adopts the following Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework to guide future transportation policy in the City. Multimodal Land Use Strategy: Encourage place -based system design that increases travel choices linking to multimodal transit hubs. Walkable and Ridable Densities: Encourage walkable and ridable housing infill and adaptive reuse within mixed development centers around multimodal transit hubs. A housing density of 16 dwelling units per acre is considered to be transit supportive. Pedestrian priority should be given within mixed development centers minimally l/2 mile from multimodal transit hubs. Safe and Convenient Bike Accommodations: Bikeways and bike sharing systems should continue to be a priority for system implementation as guided by Bike Walk Livonia. Facilities within 2 to 4 miles of the hubs should be prioritized with a high priority given to intersection treatments that connect neighborhoods. The Livonia Bike Loop includes near term connections to neighborhoods and destinations as well as priority crossing retrofits where appropriate. Transportation Network Companies: Encourage ride hailing services provided by transportation network companies, like Uber and Lyft, to operate in the City. Facilitate service by creating priority curbside drop-off locations and designated places to wait for fares. Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV): Become an early adopter of connected and automated vehicle technology through policy and leading by example with fleet management and facility design. Review and update zoning and engineering standards accordingly. • CAV land form impact areas: Access management Building disposition Auto -oriented land uses Parking requirements Building massing • CAV roadway function impact areas Turning radii Target speed Lane width Clearance Engineering judgment 15 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 3.6: Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework Multimodal Transit Center Mixed Development Area Walk Zone Local Transit: Support and encourage the expansion of Livonia Community Transit which currently operates two -peak hour local circulator routes to connect to DDOT and SMART routes as well as an on -demand resident ride paratransit program. In the future, demand response mini -transit, including driverless shuttles, could be utilized to connect to multimodal transit hubs during peak hours and circulator service could be expanded. FBikeways and Bike Share 4f Transportation Network Companies Ride Hailing / Car Share Regional Transit: Consider supporting connectivity to regional transit service. The current Connecting Southeast Michigan Plan developed by the Regional Transit Authority (RTA) will improve Livonia's connectivity to the region with 15-minute service recommended on Grand River corridor and a Commuter Express Route along the Plymouth Corridor. Livonia is also located in the Core Area Flexible Mobility designation, which is earmarked for transit investment at $20 Million per year. Regional Transit Local Transit / Circulator Demand Response Mini -Transit Corridor Planning: Implement system improvements through strategic corridor planning and segment improvements. Near -term corridors for study include: • Plymouth Road • 5 Mile Road • 7 Mile Road • Middle Belt Road BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Planning for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) requires the balancing of transportation objectives and safety with all modes. CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES LIVONIA VISION 21 supports advancing the City's transportation network with a robust and sustainable vision for future development. The vision realizes the full potential of CAV's and Transportation Network Companies (TNC's) and changing mobility preferences and employment patterns. This technology offers the potential for shorter travel distances, slower traffic speeds, and more transportation options, and pick-up and drop-off zones. The early adoption of CAV's and TNC's technology offers Livonia many benefits, including potential reductions in parking requirements, the re -purposing of excess parking lots, shared/flexible vehicle lane usage, the inclusion of other modes on the street, reduction of vehicle lane dimensions, the setting of safe target speeds, the design of safe intersections and crosswalks, and pedestrian -priority streets. Excess right- of-way capacity resulting from CAV capacity improvements should be given to bicycles and transit. LIVONIA VISION 21 recognizes that to realize the benefits of CAV and TNC technologies, strategies must be deployed in conjunction with transit and nonmotorized systems, particularly to service the first and last miles transit trips or integrated into a leg of a nonmotorized travel day. Livonia's Future Transportation Plan promotes land use policy that encourages population density and bicycle facilities near mixed development centers, allowing individuals the opportunity to walk or bike to destinations rather than rely upon CAV's and TNC's for short trips. 17 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN NETWORK FUNCTION REGION MOBILITY REGION Landmark Arterials / Freeway Entertainment Transit Corridors Large Employers Bikeways Event Parking CITY Institutions Collectors Transit Routes Day / Night Life Entrepreneur/ Small Business Bikeways Parks / Drop-off ►15 1 K 1 l� I DISTRICT Locals Transit Stops Housing Streetscapes Public Space Services ACCESSIBILITY BIKE WALK LIVONIA AND THE LIVONIA BIKE LOOP As mentioned prior, the Bike Walk Livonia Plan includes expansive recommendations for the development of the nonmotorized network in the City and is adopted as part of LIVONIA VISION 21. The proposed Livonia Bike Loop is the defining feature of the bikeway network. The loop will connect to 80% of Bike Walk Livonia's established priority destinations and 55% of the secondary destinations. In total, the Livonia Bike Loop will connect 13 parks community facilities, 11 schools, and 7 commercial districts. The Loop can be subdivided into six distinct projects: • Project 1: Hubbard, between Lyndon and Rotary Park - underway • Project 2: Lyndon, between Levan and Inkster - underway • Project 3: Stark, between Hines Park and Lyndon • Project 4: Levan, between 5 Mile and 7 Mile • Project 5: Curtis, Between Levan and 7 Mile / Middle Belt • Project 6: 5 Mile, between Haggarty and Inkster and the St. Mary's Loop LAND FORM ACCESS MANAGEMENT Access management strategies can improve pedestrian and vehicle circulation and safety. Access management reduces the number of points of access to the street from adjacent properties. This benefits pedestrians by reducing the number of points along a sidewalk where they may encounter a vehicle, and it benefits traffic by reducing the number of points for other vehicles to enter the street. Cross access and rear alleys between developments helps to limit total number of driveways as sites are redeveloped. BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW I lealthy Communities Healthy communities are measured through the standard quality of life that is driven by the municipal services available to residents. Strong municipal leadership that prioritizes citizen involvement helps to provide a basis for transparent, equitable access to quality spaces and programs that enrich the lives of all community members. Livonia residents benefit from proximity to local health care providers including St. Marys Mercy Hospital. The following section outlines current programs and policies that the City of Livonia provides to support its healthy community. FIfP ,l+ _ r + . � r Fire Station Open House, Livonia MI Public Safety Services are essential to strong, healthy communities. The culture of safety and health is supported through public education and engagement opportunities, such as the Livonia Fire Station Open House. COMMUNITY WELLNESS INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS IN LIVONIA The following sections outline key municipal services put in place by the City of Livonia that promote well-being for all residents. Resources for Seniors Livonia's Commission on Aging was established to provide citizen output on programs and services that are beneficial and promote the enrichment of the lives of the senior population. The Civic Park Senior Center offers various activities and resources available to Livonia seniors. Livonia provides information on nutrition programs through Wayne County and local resources. Transit options for seniors offered through the Senior Center Bus Service, which provides rides within the City limits on a donation basis. Fond Programs In the summer months, access to fresh, local produce is available through the Wilson Barn Farmer's Market. The barn also hosts various other community events and previously served as a functioning dairy farm. Another option for fresh produce are the Community Gardens are located at Greenmead Historical Park, where residents can rent garden plots. Focus: HOPE Food Distribution and Commodity Foods Distribution programs also help serve qualified residents to distribute food. Youth Assistance Program Livonia's youth assistance program offers the following components through the Youth Employment Resource Center: • Trained Volunteer Mentors • Wayne County Jail/Milan Federal Prison Tours • Outdoor Adventure Challenge • Community Work -service • Project Impact Group • Alternative Parenting Skills • Youth Employment 19 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Youth Activities and Sports Programs It was reported in the Mayor's 2014 State of the City address that 16,000 Livonia youth residents participated in team sports. Coordinating organizations include: • Livonia Junior Athletic League • Livonia Hockey Assocation • Livonia Hawks and Wolves Soccer Clubs, • Livonia Parks and Recreation, • Livonia Family YMCA • Livonia Gymnastics Academy • Livonia Community Swim Club • Fairway Farms Swim Club • Newburgh Swim Club • Bulldog Aquatic Club • Livonia and Clarenceville School District Teams • Catholic Youth Organization at St. Michael and St. Edith Schools • Business Bowling and Dance Groups • Neighborhood Association Activities • TJW Junior Golf Program southeast Michigan VA Medical Facilities Livonia promotes and provides information regarding the following medical facilities for veterans in Southeast Michigan: • John D. Dingell VA Medical Center • VA Pontiac Outpatient Clinic • VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System • VA Ann Arbor Shuttle Service • Westland Area Shuttle City of Livonia Services Dedicated Towards Communitv Wellnesf- The City offers Mental Health Counseling to Livonia residents and provides financial assistance to income eligible individuals to obtain professional mental health counseling services. The Medical Equipment Loan Closet is located at the Civic Park Senior Center and offers wheelchairs, transfer/bath benches, canes, walkers, portable commodes and other durable medical aids to Livonia residents to loan. The Livonia Emergency Assistance Program is provided by the Housing Commission to provide eligible low/ moderate income residents with utility shut-off assistance. Clubs and Organizations To support a strong and connected community, the City's Parks and Recreation Department co-sponsors a large number of club and athletic groups. The clubs include organization for those interested in the arts, culture, athletics, and a task force dedicated to education and empowerment for Livonia's youth. TRENDS IN HEALTH AND WELLNESS Healthy and sustainable initiatives can enhance the overall quality of life in a community, attract talented individuals, and encourage high -quality development. Investments in park space, trails, and other community amenities promote a healthy lifestyle for residents and help to draw regional visitors. Municipalities that embrace diversity, value resident ownership and participation, and build on community assets are most successful in achieving a healthy community. KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the healthy community topics discussed above, the following list presents the section's key findings: • The City of Livonia has a strong network of programs and policies that support a healthy community. It is important that residents are aware of all resources available to them. BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Parks From neighborhood parks to open green spaces, the wide-ranging benefits of parks reach economic development, community health, and sustainability and resiliency. This section provides a review on Livonia's parks, recreational facilities, and natural space. Mies Park, Livonia MI LIVONIA PARKS The City of Livonia owns over 1,389 acres of park and recreational land with 60 parks and a community recreation center. A great importance is placed on pride of public and recreational spaces through Adopt or Sponsor a Park Programs and Take pride in Livonia Day. Nature preserve sites include Grandview park, Windridge Park, Bicentennieal Park, Rotary Park, Blue Grass Park. With various nature trails throughout the City, paths dedicated to walking are available at Bicentennial Park, Clements Cirlce, Mies Park, Jack E. Kirksey Recreation Center, Rotary Park, and Bien Park. Map 3.3 shows all parks located in the City of Livonia. 1. Bai-Lynn Playfield 2. Bainbridge Park 3. Beverly Park 4. Bicentennial Park & Nature Preserve 5. Bien Park 6. Bluegrass Park & Nature Preserve 7. Botsford Pool 8. Broadmoor Park 9. Castle Gardens Park 10. City Park 11. Civic Center Park 12. Clements Circle Park and Pool 13. Compton Park 14. Country Homes Park 15. Denmar Nature Preserve 16. Devon -Aire Woods Park 17. Dover Nature Preserve 18. Elliot Tot Lot 19. Elm Park 20. Fairway Park 21. Ford Field and Eddie Edgar Ice Arena 22. Gaylord Tot Lot 23. Gold Manor Park 24. Golfview Nature Preserve 25. Grandview Nature Preserve 26. Greenbriar Nature Preserve 27. Greenmead Historical Park 28. Greenwood Park 29. Grennada Nature Preserve 30. Harry Wolf Tot Lot 31. Hearthstone Park 32. Helman Nature Preserve 33. Hillcrest Park 34. Hines County Park 35. Hines Park - Levan Knoll 36. Hines Park - Newburgh Pointe 37. Hines Park - Oak Grove 38. Hines Park - Sumac Pointe 39. Idyl Wyld Golf Course 40. John F. Dooley Park 41. Kleinert Play Field 42. Laurel South Park 43. Linden Wood Park 44. Livonia Jaycee Park 45. Madonna Nature Preserve 46. Meadows Park 47. Middle Rouge Parkway 48. Moelke Park 49. Nash Park 50. Nature Preserve 51. Nottingham West Park 52. Oasis Golf Center 53. Parkview Park 54. Pastor Park 55. Prides Court Park 56. Quakertown Park 57. Robert C. McCann Park 58. Rosedale Park 59. Rotary Park & Nature Preserve 60. Sesquicentennial Park 61. Sheldon Park & Pool 62. Sunset Park 63. Tennis Courts 64. Veteran's Memorial Plaza 65. Wayne -Six Park 66. Whispering Willows Golf Course 67. Wilson Acres Park 68. Wilson Barn 69. Winridge Nature Preserve 21 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN IL Y 1 ■ 1 r — .� 1 i • L _ 1 �J f _ _ ti -ti�li• � • [A�_eo Y LTA_L AWO Y 'r ' + r I& Ito-:4' i �� '� r• 1 1 1 i' L'Seven Mile ■ I .. oad IL L lOj%jLM ..■ - ■, ■ i I h r 1 1 Mir 1� a , f .1 i , it 1 ..I 1 © 1 rl C , ' sit YY f� 1 ■ ■ M. L 1 1 L 1 - ti .r 1MR.- qd IS %6 _ Fiti ti 1 7 • _ i L! i F 1' • .F r ,��L • -i-1 J M67 • a• r �. L-4 .%- - 7 i LIB �� }� •I • 't om, A �. 1 ' - i •' 'T :%I • rofIt rr 1 1 .■ I �• ti •+ 'L.• ■ LI r. y� I L _IL 1 J 1 1' - _ ■ ' -I ■ rLrtb I- W7'? -;i T /f 111 •�'r 1 I'{ 1 , y 1• - b 'r. L L •9 1 . 1 .r IN 1 _ Z 1� 7 _•� = a I 1 ■ L r' ■ y i L yT�� may: F. % 17 t._ - r A I.W ram • , •� 5 1 - 1 ti •T ..1 i.� •`r • T IN z _ i �. , � t I i = � VilleMEN. r ''�• ' tL� �i �•� 1119.1,ice , I. • - I - ! •, -. TF !� �1 - - IF iiP •ter, ��'J •�I` ,� �' !! -• h 1 11 • _ IN • - - I -' 1-� f _F `{� � • _ 1 ` „ • IT,1� F i �Khr r . .r L- f 1+;. Y 'i it � 1 r•F r 1. �' Ll -91 +� L �+� , fAL -A `L 1 J•16 Lf*�' • ?I ' -'11 ' ~ 1•� • 1• ■'F YiLfa L 1• - - - - - ti. L V .L �' ` �I. FjiLr F. f 7 . r 1111 �.•.TTTTLLL L +may A'4 Parks Livonia, MI 22 LM91 2 1 E 17, STARTS NOW TRENDS IN PARKS AND OPEN SPACE With trends in people -oriented design, park space is extremely important to create public space that brings all residents and visitors together and to increase the area's quality of life. One way municipalities are increasing their percentage of park space is to re - purpose under-utilized sites and properties as park, green, or open space. As the need for green space grows, the goal for many is create these public spaces whenever and wherever possible. While the addition of park space is growing in demand, there is an equal demand for conservation of existing open space and green space Roughly 18% of the City consists of parkland and open space. Approximately 1,919 acres of the City is utilized as parkland and open space. This includes agricultural uses, park land, recreation, open space, and water. Land uses that are not considered for natural space include residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, transportation, and utility. The graphic below shows the distribution of the natural land use. The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) states that the typical ratio of 10.1 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents is offered through municipality. Cities that have populations from 50,000 to 99,999, on average, have a ratio of 9.4 acres of parkland to 1,000 residents. Livonia, with a population within that range, has nearly double the acreage of parkland, open space, and green space per 1,000 residents. With significant parkland, it is important for Livonia to preserve and promote these spaces, and maintain quality parks. Figure 3.7: Natural Land Uses — Livonia, 2008 7.9% (1,803 Acres) 0.5% (115.5 Acres) 92% (21,024.5 Acres) LAND USES Park, Recreation, and Open Space Water Agriculture (0%) 44 Park, Recreation, and Open Space All Other Land Uses Source: SEMCOG Development KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the topics discussed above, the following list presents the section's key findings: • With an abundant and wide -spread network of parks, it is important to protect and preserve current open space. • Adequate funding and management is important as the current network ages and new development increases. 23 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Housing and Neiqhborhood As the City's backbone, Livonia's neighborhoods provide aclose-knit, small-town sense of community, and family -oriented atmosphere. The following sections discuss the City's residential areas and the housing stock that fill its neighborhoods. RESIDENTIAL CHARACTER The majority of Livonia's neighborhoods are laid out in both a traditional grid pattern and curvilinear pattern with cul-de-sacs, and consist of primarily low -density, single family dwellings. The housing stock reflects mid -to -late 20th Century development patterns of Metropolitan Detroit subdivisions, with 70% of the housing stock built between 1950 and 1980, the newer development concentrated towards the northwest corner of the city. The overall character boasts a family -friendly atmosphere and accessible cost of living, central location, and strong municipal services and amenities. There are currently 14 neighborhoods designated, with one historic district, Old Rosedale Gardens. The framework of the mile grid serves as the arterial roadways, routing traffic, north, south, east, and west. Interstate 96 allows for east -west access, while Interstate 275 allows for north -south access in and out of Livonia. RESIDENTIAL LAND USE AND ZONING The following list outlines all residential zoning districts within Livonia, established in the current Zoning Ordinance: • One Family Residential District • Rural Urban Farm District • Two Family Residential District • Condominium Residential District • Multiple Family Residential District • High Rise Multiple Family Residential District • Condominium High Rise Multiple Family Residential District • Housing for the Elderly District The Single -Family Residential District is the largest area zoned for residential uses. Map 3.4 displays current land use zoning districts throughout the City of Livonia that are strictly residential in comparison to all other land uses. Overall, about 45% and 10,335.80 acres of the City is zoned for residential development. Within it's residential development, the City's housing stock is 84% owner -occupied and 16% renter - occupied. Old Rosedale Garden, Livonia MI BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 4 LM91 2 1 EXIT 9 STARTS NOW 11 AA jj Map 3.4: Residential Land Use lip Plymouth Road nil � � •• L91�.�+�� 11111111,�LI1 � Residential All Other Land Uses l�J 0 0.75 1.5 Mi 25 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN • Burton Hollow Swim Club • Clements Circle Civic Association • Coventry Gardens • Devon -Air Civic Association • Fairway Farms Swim and Tennis Club • Newburgh Swim Club • Nottingham West Civic Association • Old Rosedale Gardens Home Owners Association • On the Pond Condominiums • SMB Estates Civic Association • Stoneleigh Village • Woodbrooke Homeowners Association • Livonia Neighbors and Friends • Woodbury Park rp 4 NLLd — - , dr t } . Newburgh Park, Livonia HOUSING TRENDS From diverse housing options to quality public space, there are a number of variables that go into developing and maintaining quality neighborhoods. Providing a range of housing options in safe and comfortable neighborhoods is critical to the overall success of the community, from a workforce and economic development perspective, to socialization and community pride. In simple terms, neighborhoods are the back bone of a community and foundation for how a city operates now and for generations to come. Current national trends show that the majority of individuals choose where to live based on location first, and then resolve the logistics of finding employment and housing. This results in increased competition for jobs and housing in popular urban areas that offer the desired amenities. Because of this, a declining number are choosing to live in outlying suburbs, small towns, and rural areas as these locations lack the sought-after amenities and have less opportunities for employment. As housing needs and wants change with the shifting demographics, gaps in affordability and availability also become apparent. Average -income earning individuals and families are struggling to find suitable, affordable housing. An increasingly popular solution described in Book 2 is "Missing Middle Housing." "Missing Middle Housing" is a term referring to a range of multi -unit or clustered housing types with a range in affordability, compatible in scale with single family homes that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. It addresses the desires of both millennials and baby boomers while considering the available housing stock. As the emphasis on walkability and the diversifying of lifestyles, households and incomes increase, it is extremely important to address the location and type of housing in the community. BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E 17, STARTS NOW Outlined in the table below, between 2010 and 2018, the vast majority of building permits issued have been for single family housing, with only 60 in 2010 for multi -unit apartment. Compared to similar communities (Canton Township, Plymouth Township, and Lyon Township), Livonia has had fewer flexible living units permitted from 2015-2018. Prior to 2015, the greatest growth was in Single Family Detached dwellings, alongside a significant decrease in Multi -Unit Apartments. The table displays these changes from 2000 - 2010, as this shows greater fluctuations in housing type that 2015-2018 and to emphasize long term changes in housing development. The graphic to the right outlines occupancy rates in Livonia, showing the majority of households being owner occupied. With a declining number of flexible living options being introduced in Livonia, it is important for the City to focus on development that varies in size, affordability, and density from the existing housing. Further recommendations in this plan support the needs of future generations, based on lifestyle trends and the existing conditions of Livonia's housing stock and neighborhoods. Figure 3.8: Housing Occupancy Renter Occupied Owner Occupied 37,164 Total Housing Units Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table 3.1: Livonia Housing Type 2010 2015 Change New Units Housing Type 2010-2015 Permitted Number Percent Number Percent 2015 - 2018 Single Family Detached 33,645 86.63% 34,055 86.77% 410 169 Duplex 86 0.22% 89 0.23% 3 0 Townhouse / Attached Condo 1,162 2.99% 1,155 2.94% -7 0 Multi -Unit Apartment 3,863 9.95% 3,843 9.79% -20 12 Mobile Home / Manufactured Housing 83 0.21% 104 0.26% 21 0 Other 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 Total 38,839 39,246 407 181 Units Demolished -25 Net' 156 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010, and 2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, SEMCOG Development 'Net = Total Permitted Units - Units Demolished KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the housing and neighborhood topics discussed above, the following list presents the section's key findings: • The current neighborhood character supports a wide range of residents, but is primarily geared towards families and older generations. • Zoning is spatially segregated. This drives the need for connectivity to support walkability and easy access to neighborhood amenities. • Within the past eight years, the primary type of housing permitted has been Single -Family Detached. Similarly, the vast majority of today's housing stock consists of owner occupied dwellings. This calls for the need to diversify housing options in terms of size and functionality. 27 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN LIVONIA VISION 21 CITY OF LIVONIA, MI NA ►` MCKENNA OHMIGmMuwiw „��It .��I BOOK 4 of 4 RTS NOW STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT How do we secure Livonia's future? DRAFT SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Acknowledgments Thank you! The participation and cooperation of community leaders, residents, business owners and stakeholders in the preparation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 MASTER PLAN is greatly appreciated and we thank everyone who participated in its development. The content in this Plan reflects the on -going collaboration between residents, stakeholders, and the City of Livonia. n particular, we acknowledge the efforts of: LIVONIA DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Mark Taormina, AICP, PCP, Director Scott Miller, Planner IV Barb Gamber, Economic Development Coordinator Marge Watson, Program Supervisor Debra Walter, Clerk LIVONIA VISION 21 STEERING COMMITTEE Kevin Aoun James Baringhaus Maureen Miller Brosnan Ruth Ann Brown Edward Davis Sharon Dolmetsch Heather Douglas Frank Grisa Jim Inglis Stacy Jenkins Kathleen McIntyre Kevin Priddy Paul Shepich Jeff Shingler Peter Ventura, Chair Dan West CITY LEADERSHIP Dennis K. Wright, Mayor Susan M. Nash, Clerk Lynda L. Scheel, Treasurer CITY COUNCIL Scott Bahr Jim Jolly Brandon M. Kritzman Kathleen McIntyre Brian Meakin Laura Toy Cathy K. White PLANNING COMMISSION Sam Caramagno Glen Long, Jr. Elizabeth McCue Kevin Pridd Carol Smiley Peter Ventura Ian Wilshaw CONSULTANT TEAM McKENNA John Jackson, AICP, President Paul Lippens, AICP, Project Manager Laura Haw, AICP, Project Planner Deanna Dupuy, Assistant Project Planner Jennifer Neal, Assistant Project Planner Alex Novak, Assistant Project Planner Carrie Leitner, Art Director / Graphic Designer OHM Advisors Aaron Domini, Assistant Project Manager Heather Bowden, Project Planner Forrest Gibson, Landscape Architect Margherite Novak, Assistant Project Planner i LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Table of Contents Acknowledgments..................................................................................................................................................................................... i Tableof Contents...................................................................................................................................................................................... ii BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT Introduction.......................................................................... 1 Continuous Outreach................................................................. 2 Three Year Priority Project List.......................................................... 3 ActionPlan.......................................................................... 5 ZoningMap ....................... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ZoningPlan......................................................................... 17 Conventional Zoning Procedures...................................................... 19 Innovative Zoning Techniques.........................................................20 Capital Improvements Plan............................................................ 21 Economic Development Tools......................................................... 23 LIST OF MAPS Zoning Map .. . LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Housing and Neighborhoods Actions................7 Table 4.2: Transportations Actions ...........................8 Table4.3: Sustainability and Resiliency Actions ................9 Table 4.4: Healthy Communities ...........................10 Table 4.5: Economic Development Actions ...................13 Table 4.6: Parks, Trails, and Open Space Actions ..............14 Table 4.7: Infrastructure Actions ...........................15 Table 4.8: Urban Design Actions ...........................16 Table 4.9: Future Land Use and Zoning Map Correlation ........ 17 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: Excerpt of Livonia Bike Loop Map ..................4 Figure 4.2: Excerpt of Livonia Zoning Map ....................18 BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPEMENT -09 a KIM,, T�anspoqd-j ljr Bike SWnq f � i 4 •r i goof*, d ; Air 4 _ •r •. f OP --� 1• � 1 Ir 9 le f rr J VC � r' fr-• r��- +• { r — { r +f Or T Ad- ja LIVONIA VISION 21 Public Open House Introduction The Strategic Development Book presents tools and techniques that residents, community leaders, and City staff can use to implement the land use plan. Plan implementation depends on local support from those in the community with the vision and tenacity who are willing to invest time and effort realizing LIVONIA VISION 21. Community improvement requires a compelling vision, persistence, flexibility to respond to changing needs, awareness of opportunities, and an ability to achieve consensus. 1 LIVONIA VISION 21 • LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Continuous Outreach LIVONIA VISION 21's success depends to a great extent on efforts to inform and educate residents and Livonia stakeholders about the Plan and the need for regulatory measures to implement it. Successful implementation requires the support and active participation of residents, property owners, and business owners. Once adopted, continued public promotion and marketing activities about the Plan's implementation will create a sense of ownership by City residents. Initial public outreach should be focused on implementation, not revising the content. ENGAGING LIVONIA Citizens, business groups, and public agencies must all be involved in the implementation of LIVONIA VISION 21 to make it successful. Examples of activities include: • Joint workshops with the City Council and Planning Commission to discuss the implementation of this plan • Creating a Social Media page for LIVONIA VISION 21 to update with project accomplishments • "Tabling" at community events • Annual or biannual Master Plan working sessions at the Planning Commission and City Council • Creating a condensed brochure version of the Master Plan to distribute widely to community members CONDENSED BROCHURE The City can produce a more reader -friendly form of the Plan. Most individuals will not take the time to read a long planning document. However, a small brochure with reduced versions of the Future Land Use Map combined with condensed versions of the goals, objectives and implementation plan sections would make an attractive alternative. These brochures could be distributed to individuals at City Hall, on the website, or even mailed to residents and businesses in Livonia. MAINTAINING THE PLAN Another way for the general public to stay informed about the Master Plan is to keep the Planning Commission and City Council actively involved in maintaining it. LIVONIA VISION 21 is intended to be a living document and continually reviewed and updated. An annual joint meeting between the Planning Commission and City Council should be held to review the Plan and any amendments. This will help ensure that the Plan is not forgotten,and that its strategies and recommendations are implemented. Then, every five years, or earlier, if the Planning Commission feels appropriate, another full-scale Master Planning effort should be undertaken. These steps help keep the public involved and ensure that policy makers continue to reference strategies in current decisions and project evaluations. LIVONIA VISION 21 Public Open House fit., BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Three-y1ear Priority Project List LIVONIA VISION 21 is an action -oriented plan. Through the Charrette process and input from the Vision 21 Steering Committee seven priority projects were identified for immediate implementation. These projects are high -impact catalyzing activities that will move forward LIVONIA VISION 21 at a rapid pace. PRIORITY PROJECTS: 1. Zoning Ordinance Update: Update the Zoning Ordinance to jump start LIVONIA VISION 21 implementation. 2. City Center Development Plan: Develop a detailed development and feasibility study for City Center. Include City, institutional and school operational needs, development triggers, and phasing. 3. Plymouth Road Corridor Plan: Create an urban design framework for Plymouth Road that both unifies and respects the many character shifts from east to west. 4. Livonia Bike Loop: Continue efforts to construct the Livonia Bike Loop recommended in the 2015 Bike Walk Livonia Plan. 5. Transit and Innovative Mobility Study: Enhance the City's transportation vision by exploring a new vision for transit and shared mobility in Livonia. 6. Update Capital Improvement Plan (CIP): Continue the City's efforts to fund priority projects by maintaining its Capital Improvement Plan. 7. Update Infrastructure Plan: Update the City's infrastructure plan to stay current with the future development vision for Livonia. — Livonia Public Engagement Participant 3 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 4.1: Excerpt of Livonia Bike Loop Map LIVONIA BIKE LOOP, 2015 Realization of this priority project will connect 13 parks, 11 schools and 7 commercial districts across the City. Planned entirely on locally controlled roads, the Bike Loop is a {"—"•"�-� feasibly implemented with relatively low-cost bikeway markings and wayfinding signage. -�� — — f YI'! '77= J W � J■ r .08 1 LI F hml a a ' � � � - -■ ' e � �� of � L � � � ' �+ � � 1 '� � , _ f _�T = t— , 0- W ' J �� . ■� iL r� � irL -r WON � - �i 1 -' - �r �r f �� ` I 'ice L �- - �-� bmr 1 . J1L rJ 1F ■ J wm�, F-1 9-e L �--r I • bmr NOW - ■ F .�■ ! ■ ,-ram F` ='Tom- L J k I J tT LE M4i - � ^ LiL-.1 �7 F- f M.-,• ■ ■ 'P� kd IS It F m, I, ji 1 iii a� J. cc _ J f � � ■ 1 W � �yL }■r]�T _ L L � 4 Leb'oma 0Re Low 0 Prlmaey Artaribi Me R&Litaa Sexxndary Arlan.2I eikit fbauL&s � I��Qn�l Bail BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Action Plan This section presents tools and techniques that residents, community leaders, and City administration can use to implement this LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan. The tools and techniques identified herein are available for use by Michigan communities under current enabling legislation. Specific recommendations for implementing certain goals and objectives established by residents during the public engagement efforts are also provided. Providing for a Healthy Variety of Housing Options, Livonia, MI LIVONIA VISION 21 recommends a future vision for the community. This Plan builds upon Livonia's existing assets and opportunities to attract new development and new residents. Moving forward, Livonia will continue to be economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable; a community where people want to live, work, visit and play. The goals and objectives of LIVONIA VISION 21 should be reviewed often and be considered in decision making by the City. Successful implementation of this plan will be the result of actions taken by City Council, City Administration, the Plymouth Road Development Authority, the Livonia Economic Development Corporation, the Livonia Brownfield Authority, the Planning Commission, public agencies, private residents and organizations, and other elected and appointed officials. This section identifies and describes actions and tools available to implement the vision created in this Plan. Broadly stated, LIVONIA VISION 21 will be implemented incrementally by working on the goals identified for the planning themes. LIVONIA VISION 21 PLANNING THEMES: 1. Housing and Neighborhoods 2. Transportation 3. Sustainability and Resiliency 4. Healthy Communities 5. Economic Development 6. Parks, Trails and Open Space 7. Infrastructure 8. Urban Design The tables on the following pages present a detailed summary of all of the recommended implementation activities, including partners for completing the activity, and available funding resources for each activity. j LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Action Plan Key PRIORITY ENTITY ABBREVIATIONS A Most Important B Very Important C Important TIMEFRAME 1 1-3 years 2 3-5 years 3 5+ years RESPONSIBILITY (COLOR) Project Lead Key Participant Contributor -d Jr ; F Y � Y i • r TY n F � +�dYYi� Y. f . a ��4• a�� BO Business Owners CM Community Members CS City Staff GC Greenleaf Commission HO Home Owners MDOT Michigan Department of Transportation PC Planning Commission & City Council PRDA Plymouth Road Development Authority SG Southeast Michigan Council of Government SM State of Michigan WC Wayne County / Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) FUNDING PUBLIC Includes public funds from the City operating budget, County, and State funding. May also include local government bonds and grants. PRIVATE Includes funds from private sources such as grant monies, corporate funding, or property owners. PRDA/TI F Tax increment financing provided by an authorized body. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Housing and Neighborhoods GOAL: Maintain Livonia's place in Southeast Michigan as a City that provides safe, attractive, and vibrant neighborhoods that can accommodate and welcome residents at all stages of life. Table 4.1: Housing and Neighborhoods Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING I-- Z LU OBJECTIVES LU H Z W W OLU=> > °° a v 00 a a a 1.1 Support a system of organized land use to provide greater housing choices, where new CS CM and redevelopment areas respect existing 1 PC WC 130 • neighborhoods. 1.2 Encourage residential developments which are needed by persons of all ages, incomes and 1 CS PC Cm 130 • • household sizes. 1.3 Seamlessly incorporate multiple family "missing middle" housing within established WC CM neighborhoods through infill development and 2 CS SM HO • • strong urban design. 1.4 Promote the development of multiple small- scale and walkable commercial and service CS districts that serve the immediately adjacent 2 PC MDOT CM • neighborhoods. 1.5 Support programs that assist with homeownership for first time buyers and CS incentivize rehabilitation of aging housing 2 PRDA PC WC BO • • • stock. 1.6 Establish individual neighborhood planning frameworks to assist in neighborhood 1 CS PRDA Cm HO • • placemaking, revitalization, and/or transitions % LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Transportation GOAL: Continue investment in improving and maintaining vehicular and nonmotorized infrastructure Ensure that the City's transportation network provides accessibility and connectivity to City destinations, is designed for people, and responds to advances in transportation technology. Table 4.2: Transportations Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING OBJECTIVES W I— Z H W Z W W � O LL W _ LU ~ > V m ~ > 00 2.1 Maintain the City's well -developed network of highways, roads, and streets to accommodate B 1 PC MDOT BMO • the safe and efficient movement of vehicles. 2.2 Promote the use of alternative modes of transportation such as ridesharing, CS T bicycling, walking, and transit throughout the B 1 PRDA SG GC CM • • metropolitan area. 2.3 Improve the City's network of trails, bicycle WC CM amenities, and other connections. 2 CS SG HO • • 2.4 Implement a comprehensive pedestrian network that focuses on creating safe intersections and crossings, encourages 2 CS MDOT CM • • pedestrian -scale streetscapes, and supports walkable land use arrangements. 2.5 Prepare for the emergence of innovative transportation technologies by revisioning CS traditional uses of the transportation network 3 PRDA SG BO • • • and by investing in new mobility strategies and PC "smart" infrastructure. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT ekV II_ __o WAW MVAVA Sustainability and Resiliency GOAL: Support land use planning efforts that encourage environmentally -friendly development. Facilitate efforts that promote air quality, greenhouse gas reduction, and energy and water conservation. Table 4.3: Sustainability and Resiliency Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING OBJECTIVES W I— Z H � LL W Z _ LU W ~ > V m W ~ O W > 00 3.1 Promote land use patterns that increase sustainability, support broadband provision and green technology, and resiliency in buildings and transportation systems by B 1 CS SG CM making sustainability a critical element when PC GC BO • • developing new zoning regulations and modifying old regulations and the Future Land Use map. 3.2 Conserve and restore open spaces, waterways, tree canopies, and other natural resources to B 2 CS SG CM • • • increase resiliency, adaptability, and biological integrity. 3.3 Commit to mitigating the City's climate impacts, including reducing energy, land, and water 2 CS WC CM • • consumption and improving outdoor and SM HO indoor air quality. 3.4 Think beyond first costs and consider long- term, cumulative impacts when making 1 PC WC CM • infrastructure and policy decisions. 3.5 Prepare the public and city staff for emergencies by updating emergency plans C 3 CS BO • • • and expanding emergency management PC CM initiatives. g LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Healthy Communities GOAL: Maintain the City of Livonia's transparent, effective, innovative, and proactive municipal leadership. Ensure that Livonia continues to offer an inclusive, healthy, safe, and hazard free environment in which to live, work, and enjoy recreation. Table 4A Healthy Communities PARTNERSHIP FUNDING OBJECTIVES W I— Z H U_ W Z _ > W ~ > V m W ~ O W 4.1 Continue to prioritize good governance and leadership by operating in an open and financially stable manner, focusing CS CM on maintaining high levels of citizen PC BO 0 involvement and achieving measurable results. 4.2 Partner with local medical providers to create innovative health and wellness 1 CS MDOT CM initiatives that increase active living and PRDA 130 citizen well-being. 4.3 Ensure that programming and facilities offered by all entities including the City of Livonia, schools, parks and recreation, the library, and others are meeting the 1 CS WC SM Cm HO 0 needs of all City residents (families, youth, seniors, underrepresented communities, etc.). 4.4 Establish a marketing and branding campaign to increase awareness about Cm e0 0 Livonia's strong quality of life. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT City of Farmington Hills City of Farmington Hills of Novi Fqr�r tin I City of Southfield 8 Mile Rd � T mm Will l � 'Sa h ■ \• rill r FK cpd ista � o. ' � ' �`71 k 41 T" 4 m F f G r� . Lt! $5a F. I I llamnyr CD 4 a8` artl - I CD r n# ►t1 cc nial a Hal % remw Ur ■ ■ Orr aR ■ p• Lwj� i k T� 97 Milt s C ari � Rain ■ I� , 1 I— IHai nh r I I 40 E Ma.Ck ga �� 71AkGon I ' C: I� _ Cam— ,� I k view R -0 Y '�'ilh t R LU ji�k ,r r _ -1-n u S rwl�e we a rice ari } f, Mij nI HQ Li� L y� 5 r' — ar f k ■ Wit `' k � 5"' -- ■�� ri`_ r Ile i'• • `�ertrdelFe- ; e k � k ■ ��' 'n ■ ortM — I k 0 { F^ -13 -burn -' a I no ter - I fON e ao MvERE I Mes k . ■ El rkfe Oa le —�- ■ r ti n, f an - '? — k a Gr <; I r4 $ see BE 0 Fk r � I sca f -- � era • cc i ;� _ ■ Ion - ■ r _ 0 I -� E S — � � ' � ire � � ■ 2. —Ellin Angs U�*gerine r ■ -Atree tree an e a y�1 re 3.• 14a; ' � i %k - I k 5 iid t Grand G I - k . .��-�-- m I m Will m Will m Will Will m Will mm Joy RdCanton rwnship City of Westland Dearborn Heights r DRAFT Zoning Map City of Livonia, Michigan becember 2017 LEGEND AG General Agriculture -1 Local Business C-2 General Business C-3 Highway services -4 High -Rise Cc>mmercial M-1 Light Manufacturing M-2 General Manufacturing ML Manufacturing Limited N P Nature Preserve OS Office Servioes P Parking PL Public Lands PO High -Rise Professional Office E-1 One Family Residential (60' 10' Lots) R-2 One Family Residential (70' 10' Lots) R-3 One Family Residential (g' 10' Lots) R-4 One Family Residential (gg' 1 0: Lots) E-5 One Family Residential (100: x 150' Lots) R-6 Two Family Residential R-7 Multiple ltiple Family Residential R-8 High Rise Multiple Family Residential R-8C Condominium High Rise Multiple Family Residential R-g Housing for the Elderly R-C Condominium Residential RE Research, Engineering RUF Rural Urban Farm Miles MCKENNA Data Source: City of Livonia, 2015, Michigan Geographic Framework, Michigan Center for Geographic Information, Version 10a_ LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Economic Development GOAL: Retain and promote Livonia's diverse mix of commercial and industrial uses in defined locations throughout the City that provide desired employment, goods, and services for residents, visitors, and workers alike. Encourage economic development that responds to the changing economy while positioning the City to enhance its tax base and maintain a stable and diverse revenue source. Table 4.5: Economic Development Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING OBJECTIVES W I- Z H W Z W W O U_ W LU ~ > V m ~ = > 1 O 00 5.1 Assist the education and business communities in developing a competitive workforce to provide job skills demanded CS WC by the regional market place and 2 PC MDOT CMBO • employment opportunities for local graduates. 5.2 Focus on retaining existing businesses and CS CM industry. 1 PRDA BO 0 5.3 Target outreach to innovative companies (knowledge -based and high technology WC CM industrial) to ensure a diverse and resilient 1 CS SM HO 0 economic base. 5.4 Establish a framework to incentivize creative redevelopment of unoccupied 1 P CM • "big -box retail." 13 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Parks, Trails, and Open Space GOAL: Build on the success and opportunities within existing recreation facilities to provide quality of life benefits for City of Livonia residents, including active living, accessibility to recreation, and environmental preservation. Table 4.6: Parks, Trails, and Open Space Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING I-- W OBJECTIVES LU a H Z W j V W O W _> 1—O m 00 6.1 Continue to develop and maintain comprehensive park, trail, recreational, 1 PC SG CM130 • fitness, and sports facilities and programs. 6.2 Preserve and/or incorporate natural drainage and flood plains wherever 2 PRSDA SG CM • • possible into park and recreation sites. 6.3 Pursue funding sources and develop WC partnerships and advocates to manage 1 CS SM Cm HO • • park needs. SG 6.4 Develop, maintain, and preserve sufficient open space and recreation facilities to fully WC satisfy the wide variety of recreation needs 2 CS SG CM • of residents. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Infrastructure GOAL: Invest in improving and maintaining City infrastructure to ensure that City services can be available for all current and future development. Implement innovative and effective strategies for maintenance and improvement of the stormwater, wastewater, solid waste, and recycling systems to ensure the health and safety of Livonia's residents. Table 4.7: Infrastructure Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING z OBJECTIVES LU L a o O LU H _ > > 00 � 7.1 Invest in and implement comprehensive and innovative urban water management, CS WC CM green infrastructure practices, and B 2 PC SG Bo • • renewable energy systems. 7.2 Provide appropriate resources for staff to maintain and improve infrastructure 1 CS PRDA WC CM • • systems. 7.3 Explore opportunities for infrastructure WC system improvements as new technology 2 CS SM Cm HO • • becomes available. SG 7.4 Increase the use of renewable resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. 1 CS CM • 15 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Urban Design GOAL: Achieve a positive and lasting community image by encouraging high quality and durable materials, energy efficient buildings, and current best practices for human scale and aesthetic character. Strive to incorporate design elements that contribute to a sense of place within the community. Table 4.8: Urban Design Actions PARTNERSHIP FUNDING I-- Z OBJECTIVES LU LU H U- Z LU LU W t� W a O LU _ > > °° a v O� a a a 8.1 Incorporate unique and functional community design components with all CS SM CM new developments, public spaces, and 2 Pc MDOT BO • streetscapes. 8.2 Identify gateway locations to target urban CS SM CM design to announce arrival into Livonia. 1 PRDA MDOT BO • • 8.3 Enhance landscaping and site design WC through redevelopment to enhance the 2 CS SM CM HO • • sense of place along major strip corridors. MDOT 8.4 Reserve underdeveloped land for high quality development emphasizing the use of high quality materials and the 1 CS CM • establishment of a sense of place. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW 0 ?oning Plan The Zoning Ordinance is the primary regulatory tool for the City to implement the land use mapping element of the LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan. The City of Livonia Future Land Use Map indicates residential growth areas of different densities and provides locations for mixed use, parks and community uses, commercial and industrial uses. The land use classifications on the Future Land Use Map and the corresponding descriptions set land use policy to guide future development in the City. The Future Land Use Plan provides general land use development principals that are consistent with the City's goals and objectives for growth. The Zoning Map has precise boundaries, standards and permitted uses that are adopted as law. A Zoning Plan is required by the Michigan Planning and Zoning Enabling Acts. Section 33(d) of the Michigan Planning Enabling Act, PA 33 of 2008, as amended, requires that the Master Plan shall serve as the basis for the community's Zoning Plan. Additionally, the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act, PA 110 of 2006, as amended, requires a zoning plan to be prepared as the basis for the zoning ordinance. The Zoning Plan must be based on an inventory of conditions pertinent to zoning in the municipality and the purposes for which zoning may be adopted (as described in Section 201 of the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act). The following table presents the City of Livonia Zoning Districts that apply to each of this Plan's Future Land Use designations. Where new regulations are recommended to implement the LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan, the "new district" or "district revisions" descriptions is included along with the applicable zoning districts. The LIVONIA VISION 21 Future Land Use Plan sets a new vision for the City by creating opportunities for infill housing, neighborhood investment, mixed use centers and a vibrant City Center development around the Civic Center Campus. As a result of this new direction, not all of the LIVONIA VISION 21 future land use categories will match up with the current location or regulations of the Zoning District to which they most closely correspond. Zoning Ordinance text amendments, map amendments or new Zoning Districts will be necessary to implement the Future Land Use Plan. The key recommended revisions the Zoning Ordinance are discussed in the next section and Table 4.1 details the Zoning Plan. Table 4.9: Table 4.1: Future Land Use and Zoning Map Correlation Future Land Use Designation Zoning Districts Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Corridor Commercial Regional Commercial City Center Mixed Development Center Tech and Manufacturing Parks and Community Source: McKenna, 2018 R-11 R-21 R-3, R-4, R-5, R U F, P, AG R-1, R-21 R-6, R-7, District Revisions R-71 R-8, R-8c, R-9, R-C, District Revisions CA C-2, C-3, OS, District Revisions C-4, OS, PO, RE, District Revisions Residential Districts, New District Residential Districts, New District RE, M-17 M-2, ML N P, P L, AG, N P 17 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN -1r, . ., lim1 IL rL-LA-+ b r .r 1-M1 6 F1911'•e Rd _.. ' i I •11 i�i F■ iT � _ F■r�+i limoum- { + 1 1�.-.�f IL r•■ 39 -IL Ir-rr I�.f..r -• LI ■ 7 'i 1 Fes, ' ! j a r rf • Poo ■iF ir zc • *err. - or.r.,116■ XM1 m F EWEN Z Figure 4.2: Excerpt of Livonia Zoning Map • L ••r No LP r r.■,-■ i .,.� j .. ■rrl,rf RECOMMENDED REVISIONS TO THE ZONING ORDINANCE AND ZONING MAP In order to meet the goals of this Master Plan, the following revisions to the Zoning Ordinance and Map are recommended: • New Zoning Districts that incorporate form -based regulations should be created for the Mixed Development Center and City Center designations. • The Commercial Districts, C-1, C-2, and C-3, should be simplified and consolidated into a new district corresponding to the development intensity of the corridor commercial designation. • The Commercial District C-4 should be modified to reflect a regional commercial designation with higher intensity development and traffic that results from its proximity to 1-96 and 1-275. • The Office Districts should be eliminated - the eligible uses and standards of OS should be incorporated into a corresponding corridor district and the eligible uses and standards of PO into a regional commercial district. • The five One -Family Residential Districts should be simplified and consolidated. • The six Multiple -Family Residential Districts should be simplified and consolidated. • New incentives and standards for infill housing and neighborhood investment should be developed for districts corresponding to the medium density residential designation. Strategies for affordable housing, accessory dwelling units, and adaptive reuse should be considered. • The three Planned Unit Development (PUD) Districts should be simplified and consolidated. • The Zoning Ordinance should be reviewed and edited according to lean -zoning principals. Regulations that do not contribute to the implementation of the Future Land Use Plan should be eliminated or reduced in scope. • Additional incentives to encourage sustainable use of land, materials, energy, and resources should be developed for all districts. • The City should consider initiating rezonings of the Mixed Development Centers and the City Center areas. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Conventional Zoning Procedures REZONING TO IMPLEMENT THE MASTER PLAN The land use classifications on the Future Land Use Map provide the basis for evaluating future rezoning requests. Zoning actions that are consistent with the Future Land Use Map usually receive deferential and favorable judicial review if challenged. The Master Plan should be the principal source of information in the investigation of all rezoning requests. The City may initiate rezoning necessary to place land in conformance with the Future Land Use Map, or they may wait for property owners to come forward. PLANNED DEVELOPMENT Planned development involves the use of special zoning requirements and review procedures that provide design and regulatory flexibility, so as to encourage innovation in land use planning and design. Planned developments should achieve a higher quality of development than might otherwise be possible. Continued use of planned development is recommended to achieve development in accordance with the goals and objectives of this Plan. Planned development can be used as the regulatory tool to permit open space zoning or cluster development and to facilitate mixed use redevelopment in the Mixed -Use Centers or City Center. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Rather than simply regulate development on the basis of dimensional standards, many communities are establishing performance standards to regulate development based on the permissible effects or impacts of a proposed use. Performance standards should be used to supplement conventional zoning standards. Performance standards can be developed to regulate noise, dust, vibration, odor, glare and heat, safety hazards, and environmental impacts such as air and water pollution. The complexity of the performance standards should be based in part on the capacity of City staff to administer the standards. Performance standards can be particularly useful in achieving environmental and resource protection goals. If based on a strong body of research, standards can be developed that relate to critical environmental areas (such as floodplains, wetlands, lakes, woodlands, groundwater recharge areas, and unique wildlife habitats), and natural resource areas. INCENTIVE ZONING Incentive zoning allows a developer to exceed the dimensional limitations in the Zoning Ordinance if the developer agrees to fulfill conditions specified in the Ordinance. Incentive zoning should be considered to promote innovative land planning techniques identified in the Plan. For example, a possible increase in density can be used as an incentive for developments that implement open space zoning standards. SETBACKS AND OTHER STANDARDS It is important to review the required setbacks and other dimensional standards to be certain that they promote the desired type of development and respect historical setbacks and architectural scale. For example, if side or rear parking is preferred, then it may be necessary to mandate a build -to line that is close to the front lot line. 19 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Innovative 7-oning Techniques OVERLAY ZONING Overlay zoning allows the City to impose a new set of regulations on a special area within an existing zoning district. In an area where an overlay zone is established, the property is placed simultaneously in the two zones, and the property may be developed only under the applicable conditions and requirements of both zones. Thus, the overlay district regulations supplement the regulations of the underlying zoning district. Overlay zoning has been used in other communities to address special conditions and features, such as historic areas, wetlands, and other environmentally sensitive areas, without disrupting the underlying zoning plan. DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Although there is no explicit legislative authority for such agreements, many Michigan communities have used development agreements to achieve a mutual understanding between the developer and City concerning the conditions under which development can occur. Development agreements are often negotiated as part of a planned development approval, allowing the community and developer to address complex issues that cannot be adequately addressed on a typical site plan. Development agreements might prove useful to achieve desired developments, especially if or when a mixed -use development is proposed. INCLUSIONARY ZONING Inclusionary zoning is the practice of providing a percentage of affordable housing to be included during the development of new residential projects. Developments that propose a certain percentage of affordable housing are typically allowed incentives such as higher density or reduction of dimensional requirements. Inclusionary zoning programs can help transition residents from living in rental units to homeownership. FORM -BASED CODE Form based code is regulation that focuses first physical design and form of the buildings and public spaces. Form based codes yield predictable development processes and clearly show community expectations. A form - based code would be based off of the community's vision for development densities and material standards. A form -based code would be minimally ideal for the City's mixed development centers and city center, where the relationship between buildings, public spaces and streets will be key to creating the desired sense of place. LEAN ZONING The City could benefit from applying lean zoning principles to a Zoning Ordinance update. Lean zoning is the simplification of zoning codes and the removal of redundant text. Typically, lean zoning revisions are made through a series of small incremental changes to zoning ordinances but can be incorporated into comprehensive revisions. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW Capital Improvements Plan A Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) can serve as a tool for public relations, helping to inform the public on the municipality's investment plan on infrastructure This section reviews the City's past plan and outlines the most efficient process for creating a future plan. BACKGROUND A CIP is a tool to identify and prioritize the long-term capital project requirements of a local unit of government. The CIP is a schedule of proposed improvements to a community's public facilities that includes a prioritization of projects over a 6 year period. The first year of the CIP is the capital budget and the CIP is annually updated. The CIP's relationship to the master plan, as stated in the Michigan Planning Enabling Act (Act 33 of 2008), is "to further the desirable future development of the local unit of government under the master plan." To accomplish this, the planning commission, legislative body, or chief administrative official (depending on language in the charter), shall annually prepare the CIP to assist the planning commission and board or council in reviewing and approving public infrastructure projects, such as streets, parks, and utility infrastructure. Livonia completed a CIP in 2016, covering years 2016-2021. Projects that the plan covered, include the following: Paving Infrastructure, Water and Sewer Infrastructure, Buildings, Technology, Vehicles, Equipment, and Land Purchase or Improvement. Major highlights of the 2016-2021 Program include: 2016 • Proposed General Fund Expenditures, $6,115,989 2016 -2021 • Proposed Total Expenditures, $172,712,090 • Proposed City Share of Total Expenditures, $156,837,090 Livonia Civic Center Library, Livonia MI Quality public facilities, are essential in securing a high quality of life for residents of Livonia. Careful, prioritized planning to fund and maintain these facilities is important in ensuring a successful future. 21 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN CIP PROCESS A process known to be successful in creating CIPs is as follows: 1. Define CIP Process and Roles • Mayor communicates the mission and vision of the CIP process to City Staff • Appoint a CIP coordinator to lead the project • Identify participants and roles for CIP preparation • Establish a CIP review team • Review and update capital improvement policies • Collect data to assist with review, including budget projections, master plan amendments, policy changes and new regulations • Define cost threshold, lifespan and types of projects to qualify for CIP • Establish agreement on priority system to evaluate projects. Key considerations should include: Is the project supported by the Master Plan or other plans? Is it legally required? Is it fiscally responsible? Is it a high priority for the community? • Other considerations include: Relationship to or coordination with other projects Estimate of annual income from projects Estimate of annual operating expenses Duration of project Sequencing Project mandated by the state and/ or federal law Projects essential to public health or safety Projects that save in operating costs 2. Hold Launch Meeting • The CIP Review Team hosts launch meeting to explain purpose of CIP and roles in the process • Members of the public are encouraged to share information about infrastructure needs and priorities • Project lead summarized feedback from the public and provides to staff for consideration in identifying project 3. Identify Projects • Complete asset inventory of existing capital investments, which includes Age, condition and replacement dates Status of projects currently underway • Develop a schedule for replacement and improvement needs based on asset inventory • Complete project application forms of projects to be considered for CIP 4. Evaluate and Score Projects • The CIP Review Team uses criteria established in Step 1 to evaluate and score project requests (scoring can be done individually or as a team) KEY FINDINGS 5. Rank Projects and Draft the CIP • The CIP Review Team ranks projects based on: Criteria established in Step 1 Available funding Capacity to complete projects • The project lead organized the projects into a table, with funding shown over 6 years (unfunded projects should also be included and scheduled for later years or compiled in a separate section) 6. Review and Approve the CIP • The CIP Review Team provides draft to the Planning Commission • Planning Commission reviews and conducts public hearing • Planning Commission adopts the CIP and forwards to Council or Board • Council or Board adopts CIP and uses for annual budget • For communities with two year budgets, the second year is a simple update • Update costs, funding sources, and timing for a six - year system Considering the life span of the last Capital Improvements Plan, it is important for the City to update the plan with new community goals in mind. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LM91 2 1 E I VIAPA I STARTS NOW economic [Development Tools Successful implementation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 Plan will depend on the ability of the City to secure necessary financing. Besides the general fund, the following sources of revenue are available to the City: DEDICATED MILLAGE Special millages can be used to generate revenues for a specific purpose. For example, one Michigan community has a special land acquisition fund that is supported by a one -quarter mill property tax. A land acquisition fund would be a useful tool to promote open space preservation in the City or assemble property for redevelopment. Millages can also be used to generate funds for capital improvements. Finally, a sidewalk millage could be used to address sidewalks gaps and streetscape improvements within the City. SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS Special assessments are compulsory contributions collected from the owners of property benefited by specific public improvements (paving, drainage improvements, etc.) to defray the costs of such improvements. Special assessments are apportioned according to the assumed benefits to the property affected. Special assessment funding might prove useful to implement some of the recommendations for the City Center, Mixed Development Centers, or commercial corridors. Special assessments are also useful in upgrading street lighting in residential areas, and street trees and streetscaping in highly visible areas. The most important point regarding special assessments to keep in mind is that they must be supported by those in the area of the assessment, or they are doomed to failure. Therefore, before a special assessment is presented to the public, it must be well thought out, and the benefits versus costs well demonstrated. BOND PROGRAMS Bonds are one of the principal sources of financing used by communities to pay for capital improvements. General obligation bonds are issued for specific community project and are paid off by the general public through property tax revenues. Revenue bonds are issued for construction of projects that generate revenues. The bonds are then retired using income generated by the project (for example, water and sewer service charges). While bonding is a very common method of funding projects, it is important to remember that this is long-term debt, and that it is dependent on the growth in the tax base. Therefore, it is essential that property values are protected, and that the reputation of the community is well maintained to keep its bonds an attractive investment. It is also important to know how much debt a community can realistically afford. If a community is to heavily committed to paying off debt, its credit rating can be damaged. Bonds are useful; however, their use should be balanced with the other methods of funding available toa community. TAX INCREMENT FINANCING Tax increment financing is authorized by the Downtown Development Authority Act, Neighborhood Authority Act, Corridor Improvement Act, and the Local Development Finance Authority Act. When a tax increment finance district is established, the state equalized value of all properties in the district is recorded. Every year thereafter, the property tax revenue generated by any increase in the total state equalized value is "captured" by the authority to finance the improvements set forth in a development plan. Often, revenue bonds are issued to finance the improvements, and the tax increment revenues are used to repay the bonds. 23 LIVONIA VISION 21 - LIVONIA, MICHIGAN MDNR RECREATION GRANT PROGRAMS Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (MNRTF) grants are available for park development and land acquisition. The City can use this program to finance park land acquisition and development. In the future, the City may wish to seek MNRTF funding for acquisition of land principally for open space and natural resource preservation purposes, and to implement its identified projects in the 5 Year Parks and Recreation Master Plan. TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES PROGRAM (TAP) The Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) provides for a variety of alternative transportation. The TAP replaces the funding from previous programs including Transportation Enhancements, Recreational Trails, Safe Routes to School, and several other discretionary programs, wrapping them into a single funding source. The Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) offers funding opportunities to help expand transportation choices and enhance the transportation experience through implementing a number of transportation improvements, including pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure and safety programs, historic preservation and rehabilitation of transportation facilities, environmental mitigation activities, and safe routes to school programs. SEMCOG awarded over $9.2 million in TAP funding in fiscal year 2018. Funds can be used for a wide variety of projects, including non -motorized improvements, green infrastructure, and projects encouraging students in grades K through 8 to walk or bike to school. Eligible applicants include incorporated cities and villages, county road commissions, and public transit agencies. Other organizations can apply, but they must be sponsored by one of the eligible applicants just described. A signed agreement between the sponsored and sponsoring agencies must be completed for the application to be considered. A call for TAP project applications is made annually in late January or early February Applications are generally due late April, with award notices issued in July. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANTS (CDBG) CDBG's can be used for numerous community improvement projects in addition to housing rehabilitation. Criteria, however, require that they be used primarily to improve housing opportunities, and recreational and social opportunities for distressed portions of the community. CDBG funds can also be used for community economic development. Therefore, those areas of Livonia where the lower income households live should be identified and targeted for projects needed to improve conditions in those areas. Small area neighborhood plans would aid in identifying what types of projects would benefit areas in decline to stabilize those areas and permit them to reverse the conditions which are negatively impacting them. By using CDBG funds in distressed portions of the community, funds that would have been spent in completing those improvements are freed up to be used elsewhere. Therefore, while the residents of a distressed portion of the community benefit directly from the CDBG program, the City in general benefits by having funds that would have been spent available for other improvements. CDBG include Downtown Infrastructure Grants, Downtown Fagade Grants, and Blight Elimination Grants. REDEVELOPMENT READY COMMUNITIES PROGRAM According to the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, the Redevelopment Ready Communities (RRC) program measures and certifies communities that integrate transparency, predictability and efficiency into their development practices with the goal of realizing a community -supported redevelopment vision that is inviting to investors. The RRC has developed a set of Best Practices for communities to follow to communities to build a clear and transparent development process. The six RRC Best Practices include: • Community Plans and Public Outreach • Zoning Regulations • Development Review Process • Recruitment and Education • Redevelopment Ready Sites • Community Prosperity The RRC program will make the City more attractive for investors and help stimulate development. BOOK 4: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT LIVONIA VISION 21 CITY OF LIVONIA, MI NA ►` MCKENNA OHMIGmMuwiw